#ifndef __LOUT_MISC_HH__
#define __LOUT_MISC_HH__

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdarg.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <assert.h>

/**
 * \brief Miscellaneous stuff, which does not fit anywhere else.
 *
 * Actually, the other parts, beginning with ::object, depend on this.
 */
namespace lout {

namespace misc {

template <class T> inline T min (T a, T b) { return a < b ? a : b; }
template <class T> inline T max (T a, T b) { return a > b ? a : b; }

template <class T> inline T min (T a, T b, T c)
{
   return (min (a, min (b, c)));
}
template <class T> inline T max (T a, T b, T c)
{
   return (max (a, max (b, c)));
}

extern const char *prgName;

void init (int argc, char *argv[]);

inline void assertNotReached ()
{
   fprintf (stderr, "*** [%s] This should not happen! ***\n", prgName);
   abort ();
}

inline int roundInt(double d)
{
   return (int) ((d > 0) ? (d + 0.5) : (d - 0.5));
}

/**
 * \brief Instances of a sub class of this interface may be compared (less,
 *    greater).
 *
 * Used for sorting etc.
 */
class Comparable
{
public:
    virtual ~Comparable();

   /**
    * \brief Compare two objects c1 and c2.
    *
    * return a value < 0, when c1 is less than c2, a value > 0, when c1
    * is greater than c2, or 0, when c1 and c2 are equal.
    *
    * If also object::Object is implemented, and if c1.equals(c2),
    * c1.compareTo(c2) must be 0, but, unlike you may expect,
    * the reversed is not necessarily true. This method returns 0, if,
    * according to the rules for sorting, there is no difference, but there
    * may still be differences (not relevant for sorting), which "equals" will
    * care about.
    */
   virtual int compareTo(Comparable *other) = 0;

   static int compareFun(const void *p1, const void *p2);
};

/**
 * \brief Simple (simpler than container::untyped::Vector and
 *    container::typed::Vector) template based vector.
 */
template <class T> class SimpleVector
{
private:
   T *array;
   int num, numAlloc;

   inline void resize ()
   {
      /* This algorithm was tuned for memory&speed with this huge page:
       *   http://downloads.mysql.com/docs/refman-6.0-en.html.tar.gz
       */
      if (array == NULL) {
         this->numAlloc = 1;
         this->array = (T*) malloc (sizeof (T));
      }
      if (this->numAlloc < this->num) {
         this->numAlloc = (this->num < 100) ?
                          this->num : this->num + this->num/10;
         this->array =
            (T*) realloc(this->array, (this->numAlloc * sizeof (T)));
      }
   }

public:
   inline SimpleVector (int initAlloc)
   {
      this->num = 0;
      this->numAlloc = initAlloc;
      this->array = NULL;
   }

   inline SimpleVector (const SimpleVector &o) {
      this->array = NULL;
      this->num = o.num;
      this->numAlloc = o.numAlloc;
      resize ();
      memcpy (this->array, o.array, sizeof (T) * num);
   }

   inline ~SimpleVector ()
   {
      if (this->array)
         free (this->array);
   }

   /**
    * \brief Return the number of elements put into this vector.
    */
   inline int size() { return this->num; }

   inline T* getArray() { return array; }

   /**
    * \brief Increase the vector size by one.
    *
    * May be necessary before calling misc::SimpleVector::set.
    */
   inline void increase() { setSize(this->num + 1); }

   /**
    * \brief Set the size explicitly.
    *
    * May be necessary before calling misc::SimpleVector::set.
    */
   inline void setSize(int newSize) {
      assert (newSize >= 0);
      this->num = newSize;
      this->resize ();
   }

   /**
    * \brief Set the size explicitly and initialize new values.
    *
    * May be necessary before calling misc::SimpleVector::set.
    */
   inline void setSize (int newSize, T t) {
      int oldSize = this->num;
      setSize (newSize);
      for (int i = oldSize; i < newSize; i++)
         set (i, t);
   }

   /**
    * \brief Return the reference of one element.
    *
    * \sa misc::SimpleVector::get
    */
   inline T* getRef (int i) {
      assert (i >= 0 && this->num - i > 0);
      return array + i;
   }

   /**
    * \brief Return the one element, explicitly.
    *
    * The element is copied, so for complex elements, you should rather used
    * misc::SimpleVector::getRef.
    */
   inline T get (int i) {
      assert (i >= 0 && this->num - i > 0);
      return this->array[i];
   }

   /**
    * \brief Store an object in the vector.
    *
    * Unlike in container::untyped::Vector and container::typed::Vector,
    * you have to care about the size, so a call to
    * misc::SimpleVector::increase or misc::SimpleVector::setSize may
    * be necessary before.
    */
   inline void set (int i, T t) {
      assert (i >= 0 && this->num - i > 0);
      this->array[i] = t;
   }
};


/**
 * \brief A class for fast concatenation of a large number of strings.
 */
class StringBuffer
{
private:
   struct Node
   {
      char *data;
      Node *next;
   };

   Node *firstNode, *lastNode;
   int numChars;
   char *str;
   bool strValid;

public:
   StringBuffer();
   ~StringBuffer();

   /**
    * \brief Append a NUL-terminated string to the buffer, with copying.
    *
    * A copy is kept in the buffer, so the caller does not have to care
    * about memory management.
    */
   inline void append(const char *str) { appendNoCopy(strdup(str)); }
   void appendNoCopy(char *str);
   const char *getChars();
   void clear ();
};


/**
 * \brief A bit set, which automatically reallocates when needed.
 */
class BitSet
{
private:
   unsigned char *bits;
   int numBytes;

   inline int bytesForBits(int bits) { return bits == 0 ? 1 : (bits + 7) / 8; }

public:
   BitSet(int initBits);
   ~BitSet();
   void intoStringBuffer(misc::StringBuffer *sb);
   bool get(int i);
   void set(int i, bool val);
   void clear();
};

/**
 * \brief A simple allocator optimized to handle many small chunks of memory.
 * The chunks can not be free'd individually. Instead the whole zone must be
 * free'd with zoneFree().
 */
class ZoneAllocator
{
private:
   size_t poolSize, poolLimit, freeIdx;
   SimpleVector <char*> *pools;
   SimpleVector <char*> *bulk;

public:
   ZoneAllocator (size_t poolSize) {
      this->poolSize = poolSize;
      this->poolLimit = poolSize / 4;
      this->freeIdx = poolSize;
      this->pools = new SimpleVector <char*> (1);
      this->bulk = new SimpleVector <char*> (1);
   };

   ~ZoneAllocator () {
      zoneFree ();
      delete pools;
      delete bulk;
   }

   inline void * zoneAlloc (size_t t) {
      void *ret;

      if (t > poolLimit) {
         bulk->increase ();
         bulk->set (bulk->size () - 1, (char*) malloc (t));
         return bulk->get (bulk->size () - 1);
      }

      if (t > poolSize - freeIdx) {
         pools->increase ();
         pools->set (pools->size () - 1, (char*) malloc (poolSize));
         freeIdx = 0;
      }

      ret = pools->get (pools->size () - 1) + freeIdx;
      freeIdx += t;
      return ret;
   }

   inline void zoneFree () {
      for (int i = 0; i < pools->size (); i++)
         free (pools->get (i));
      pools->setSize (0);
      for (int i = 0; i < bulk->size (); i++)
         free (bulk->get (i));
      bulk->setSize (0);
      freeIdx = poolSize;
   }

   inline const char *strndup (const char *str, size_t t) {
      char *new_str = (char *) zoneAlloc (t + 1);
      memcpy (new_str, str, t);
      new_str[t] = '\0';
      return new_str;
   }

   inline const char *strdup (const char *str) {
      return strndup (str, strlen (str));
   }
};

} // namespace misc

} // namespace lout

#endif // __LOUT_MISC_HH__