# AWS SDK for Go
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aws-sdk-go is the official AWS SDK for the Go programming language.
Checkout our [release notes](https://github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go/releases) for
information about the latest bug fixes, updates, and features added to the SDK.
We [announced](https://aws.amazon.com/blogs/developer/aws-sdk-for-go-version-2-general-availability/) the General Availability for the [AWS SDK for Go V2 (v2)](https://github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2). The v2 SDK source is available at https://github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2. Review the v2 SDK's [Developer Guide](https://aws.github.io/aws-sdk-go-v2/docs/) to get started with AWS SDK for Go V2 or review the [migration guide](https://aws.github.io/aws-sdk-go-v2/docs/migrating/) if you already use version 1.
Jump To:
* [Getting Started](#Getting-Started)
* [Quick Examples](#Quick-Examples)
* [Getting Help](#Getting-Help)
* [Contributing](#Contributing)
* [More Resources](#Resources)
## Getting Started
### Installing
Use `go get` to retrieve the SDK to add it to your `GOPATH` workspace, or
project's Go module dependencies.
go get github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go
To update the SDK use `go get -u` to retrieve the latest version of the SDK.
go get -u github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go
### Dependencies
The SDK includes a `vendor` folder containing the runtime dependencies of the
SDK. The metadata of the SDK's dependencies can be found in the Go module file
`go.mod` or Dep file `Gopkg.toml`.
### Go Modules
If you are using Go modules, your `go get` will default to the latest tagged
release version of the SDK. To get a specific release version of the SDK use
`@<tag>` in your `go get` command.
go get github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go@v1.15.77
To get the latest SDK repository change use `@latest`.
go get github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go@latest
### Go 1.5
If you are using Go 1.5 without vendoring enabled, (`GO15VENDOREXPERIMENT=1`),
you will need to use `...` when retrieving the SDK to get its dependencies.
go get github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go/...
This will still include the `vendor` folder. The `vendor` folder can be deleted
if not used by your environment.
rm -rf $GOPATH/src/github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go/vendor
## Quick Examples
### Complete SDK Example
This example shows a complete working Go file which will upload a file to S3
and use the Context pattern to implement timeout logic that will cancel the
request if it takes too long. This example highlights how to use sessions,
create a service client, make a request, handle the error, and process the
response.
```go
package main
import (
"context"
"flag"
"fmt"
"os"
"time"
"github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go/aws"
"github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go/aws/awserr"
"github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go/aws/request"
"github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go/aws/session"
"github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go/service/s3"
)
// Uploads a file to S3 given a bucket and object key. Also takes a duration
// value to terminate the update if it doesn't complete within that time.
//
// The AWS Region needs to be provided in the AWS shared config or on the
// environment variable as `AWS_REGION`. Credentials also must be provided
// Will default to shared config file, but can load from environment if provided.
//
// Usage:
// # Upload myfile.txt to myBucket/myKey. Must complete within 10 minutes or will fail
// go run withContext.go -b mybucket -k myKey -d 10m < myfile.txt
func main() {
var bucket, key string
var timeout time.Duration
flag.StringVar(&bucket, "b", "", "Bucket name.")
flag.StringVar(&key, "k", "", "Object key name.")
flag.DurationVar(&timeout, "d", 0, "Upload timeout.")
flag.Parse()
// All clients require a Session. The Session provides the client with
// shared configuration such as region, endpoint, and credentials. A
// Session should be shared where possible to take advantage of
// configuration and credential caching. See the session package for
// more information.
sess := session.Must(session.NewSession())
// Create a new instance of the service's client with a Session.
// Optional aws.Config values can also be provided as variadic arguments
// to the New function. This option allows you to provide service
// specific configuration.
svc := s3.New(sess)
// Create a context with a timeout that will abort the upload if it takes
// more than the passed in timeout.
ctx := context.Background()
var cancelFn func()
if timeout > 0 {
ctx, cancelFn = context.WithTimeout(ctx, timeout)
}
// Ensure the context is canceled to prevent leaking.
// See context package for more information, https://golang.org/pkg/context/
if cancelFn != nil {
defer cancelFn()
}
// Uploads the object to S3. The Context will interrupt the request if the
// timeout expires.
_, err := svc.PutObjectWithContext(ctx, &s3.PutObjectInput{
Bucket: aws.String(bucket),
Key: aws.String(key),
Body: os.Stdin,
})
if err != nil {
if aerr, ok := err.(awserr.Error); ok && aerr.Code() == request.CanceledErrorCode {
// If the SDK can determine the request or retry delay was canceled
// by a context the CanceledErrorCode error code will be returned.
fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "upload canceled due to timeout, %v\n", err)
} else {
fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "failed to upload object, %v\n", err)
}
os.Exit(1)
}
fmt.Printf("successfully uploaded file to %s/%s\n", bucket, key)
}
```
### Overview of SDK's Packages
The SDK is composed of two main components, SDK core, and service clients.
The SDK core packages are all available under the aws package at the root of
the SDK. Each client for a supported AWS service is available within its own
package under the service folder at the root of the SDK.
* aws - SDK core, provides common shared types such as Config, Logger,
and utilities to make working with API parameters easier.
* awserr - Provides the error interface that the SDK will use for all
errors that occur in the SDK's processing. This includes service API
response errors as well. The Error type is made up of a code and message.
Cast the SDK's returned error type to awserr.Error and call the Code
method to compare returned error to specific error codes. See the package's
documentation for additional values that can be extracted such as RequestID.
* credentials - Provides the types and built in credentials providers
the SDK will use to retrieve AWS credentials to make API requests with.
Nested under this folder are also additional credentials providers such as
stscreds for assuming IAM roles, and ec2rolecreds for EC2 Instance roles.
* endpoints - Provides the AWS Regions and Endpoints metadata for the SDK.
Use this to lookup AWS service endpoint information such as which services
are in a region, and what regions a service is in. Constants are also provided
for all region identifiers, e.g UsWest2RegionID for "us-west-2".
* session - Provides initial default configuration, and load
configuration from external sources such as environment and shared
credentials file.
* request - Provides the API request sending, and retry logic for the SDK.
This package also includes utilities for defining your own request
retryer, and configuring how the SDK processes the request.
* service - Clients for AWS services. All services supported by the SDK are
available under this folder.
### How to Use the SDK's AWS Service Clients
The SDK includes the Go types and utilities you can use to make requests to
AWS service APIs. Within the service folder at the root of the SDK you'll find
a package for each AWS service the SDK supports. All service clients follow common pattern of creation and usage.
When creating a client for an AWS service you'll first need to have a Session
value constructed. The Session provides shared configuration that can be shared
between your service clients. When service clients are created you can pass
in additional configuration via the aws.Config type to override configuration
provided by in the Session to create service client instances with custom
configuration.
Once the service's client is created you can use it to make API requests the
AWS service. These clients are safe to use concurrently.
### Configuring the SDK
In the AWS SDK for Go, you can configure settings for service clients, such
as the log level and maximum number of retries. Most settings are optional;
however, for each service client, you must specify a region and your credentials.
The SDK uses these values to send requests to the correct AWS region and sign
requests with the correct credentials. You can specify these values as part
of a session or as environment variables.
See the SDK's [configuration guide][config_guide] for more information.
See the [session][session_pkg] package documentation for more information on how to use Session
with the SDK.
See the [Config][config_typ] type in the [aws][aws_pkg] package for more information on configuration
options.
[config_guide]: https://docs.aws.amazon.com/sdk-for-go/v1/developer-guide/configuring-sdk.html
[session_pkg]: https://docs.aws.amazon.com/sdk-for-go/api/aws/session/
[config_typ]: https://docs.aws.amazon.com/sdk-for-go/api/aws/#Config
[aws_pkg]: https://docs.aws.amazon.com/sdk-for-go/api/aws/
### Configuring Credentials
When using the SDK you'll generally need your AWS credentials to authenticate
with AWS services. The SDK supports multiple methods of supporting these
credentials. By default the SDK will source credentials automatically from
its default credential chain. See the session package for more information
on this chain, and how to configure it. The common items in the credential
chain are the following:
* Environment Credentials - Set of environment variables that are useful
when sub processes are created for specific roles.
* Shared Credentials file (~/.aws/credentials) - This file stores your
credentials based on a profile name and is useful for local development.
* EC2 Instance Role Credentials - Use EC2 Instance Role to assign credentials
to application running on an EC2 instance. This removes the need to manage
credential files in production.
Credentials can be configured in code as well by setting the Config's Credentials
value to a custom provider or using one of the providers included with the
SDK to bypass the default credential chain and use a custom one. This is
helpful when you want to instruct the SDK to only use a specific set of
credentials or providers.
This example creates a credential provider for assuming an IAM role, "myRoleARN"
and configures the S3 service client to use that role for API requests.
```go
// Initial credentials loaded from SDK's default credential chain. Such as
// the environment, shared credentials (~/.aws/credentials), or EC2 Instance
// Role. These credentials will be used to to make the STS Assume Role API.
sess := session.Must(session.NewSession())
// Create the credentials from AssumeRoleProvider to assume the role
// referenced by the "myRoleARN" ARN.
creds := stscreds.NewCredentials(sess, "myRoleArn")
// Create service client value configured for credentials
// from assumed role.
svc := s3.New(sess, &aws.Config{Credentials: creds})
```
See the [credentials][credentials_pkg] package documentation for more information on credential
providers included with the SDK, and how to customize the SDK's usage of
credentials.
The SDK has support for the shared configuration file (~/.aws/config). This
support can be enabled by setting the environment variable, "AWS_SDK_LOAD_CONFIG=1",
or enabling the feature in code when creating a Session via the
Option's SharedConfigState parameter.
```go
sess := session.Must(session.NewSessionWithOptions(session.Options{
SharedConfigState: session.SharedConfigEnable,
}))
```
[credentials_pkg]: https://docs.aws.amazon.com/sdk-for-go/api/aws/credentials
### Configuring AWS Region
In addition to the credentials you'll need to specify the region the SDK
will use to make AWS API requests to. In the SDK you can specify the region
either with an environment variable, or directly in code when a Session or
service client is created. The last value specified in code wins if the region
is specified multiple ways.
To set the region via the environment variable set the "AWS_REGION" to the
region you want to the SDK to use. Using this method to set the region will
allow you to run your application in multiple regions without needing additional
code in the application to select the region.
AWS_REGION=us-west-2
The endpoints package includes constants for all regions the SDK knows. The
values are all suffixed with RegionID. These values are helpful, because they
reduce the need to type the region string manually.
To set the region on a Session use the aws package's Config struct parameter
Region to the AWS region you want the service clients created from the session to
use. This is helpful when you want to create multiple service clients, and
all of the clients make API requests to the same region.
```go
sess := session.Must(session.NewSession(&aws.Config{
Region: aws.String(endpoints.UsWest2RegionID),
}))
```
See the [endpoints][endpoints_pkg] package for the AWS Regions and Endpoints metadata.
In addition to setting the region when creating a Session you can also set
the region on a per service client bases. This overrides the region of a
Session. This is helpful when you want to create service clients in specific
regions different from the Session's region.
```go
svc := s3.New(sess, &aws.Config{
Region: aws.String(endpoints.UsWest2RegionID),
})
```
See the [Config][config_typ] type in the [aws][aws_pkg] package for more information and additional
options such as setting the Endpoint, and other service client configuration options.
[endpoints_pkg]: https://docs.aws.amazon.com/sdk-for-go/api/aws/endpoints/
### Making API Requests
Once the client is created you can make an API request to the service.
Each API method takes a input parameter, and returns the service response
and an error. The SDK provides methods for making the API call in multiple ways.
In this list we'll use the S3 ListObjects API as an example for the different
ways of making API requests.
* ListObjects - Base API operation that will make the API request to the service.
* ListObjectsRequest - API methods suffixed with Request will construct the
API request, but not send it. This is also helpful when you want to get a
presigned URL for a request, and share the presigned URL instead of your
application making the request directly.
* ListObjectsPages - Same as the base API operation, but uses a callback to
automatically handle pagination of the API's response.
* ListObjectsWithContext - Same as base API operation, but adds support for
the Context pattern. This is helpful for controlling the canceling of in
flight requests. See the Go standard library context package for more
information. This method also takes request package's Option functional
options as the variadic argument for modifying how the request will be
made, or extracting information from the raw HTTP response.
* ListObjectsPagesWithContext - same as ListObjectsPages, but adds support for
the Context pattern. Similar to ListObjectsWithContext this method also
takes the request package's Option function option types as the variadic
argument.
In addition to the API operations the SDK also includes several higher level
methods that abstract checking for and waiting for an AWS resource to be in
a desired state. In this list we'll use WaitUntilBucketExists to demonstrate
the different forms of waiters.
* WaitUntilBucketExists. - Method to make API request to query an AWS service for
a resource's state. Will return successfully when that state is accomplished.
* WaitUntilBucketExistsWithContext - Same as WaitUntilBucketExists, but adds
support for the Context pattern. In addition these methods take request
package's WaiterOptions to configure the waiter, and how underlying request
will be made by the SDK.
The API method will document which error codes the service might return for
the operation. These errors will also be available as const strings prefixed
with "ErrCode" in the service client's package. If there are no errors listed
in the API's SDK documentation you'll need to consult the AWS service's API
documentation for the errors that could be returned.
```go
ctx := context.Background()
result, err := svc.GetObjectWithContext(ctx, &s3.GetObjectInput{
Bucket: aws.String("my-bucket"),
Key: aws.String("my-key"),
})
if err != nil {
// Cast err to awserr.Error to handle specific error codes.
aerr, ok := err.(awserr.Error)
if ok && aerr.Code() == s3.ErrCodeNoSuchKey {
// Specific error code handling
}
return err
}
// Make sure to close the body when done with it for S3 GetObject APIs or
// will leak connections.
defer result.Body.Close()
fmt.Println("Object Size:", aws.Int64Value(result.ContentLength))
```
### API Request Pagination and Resource Waiters
Pagination helper methods are suffixed with "Pages", and provide the
functionality needed to round trip API page requests. Pagination methods
take a callback function that will be called for each page of the API's response.
```go
objects := []string{}
err := svc.ListObjectsPagesWithContext(ctx, &s3.ListObjectsInput{
Bucket: aws.String(myBucket),
}, func(p *s3.ListObjectsOutput, lastPage bool) bool {
for _, o := range p.Contents {
objects = append(objects, aws.StringValue(o.Key))
}
return true // continue paging
})
if err != nil {
panic(fmt.Sprintf("failed to list objects for bucket, %s, %v", myBucket, err))
}
fmt.Println("Objects in bucket:", objects)
```
Waiter helper methods provide the functionality to wait for an AWS resource
state. These methods abstract the logic needed to check the state of an
AWS resource, and wait until that resource is in a desired state. The waiter
will block until the resource is in the state that is desired, an error occurs,
or the waiter times out. If a resource times out the error code returned will
be request.WaiterResourceNotReadyErrorCode.
```go
err := svc.WaitUntilBucketExistsWithContext(ctx, &s3.HeadBucketInput{
Bucket: aws.String(myBucket),
})
if err != nil {
aerr, ok := err.(awserr.Error)
if ok && aerr.Code() == request.WaiterResourceNotReadyErrorCode {
fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "timed out while waiting for bucket to exist")
}
panic(fmt.Errorf("failed to wait for bucket to exist, %v", err))
}
fmt.Println("Bucket", myBucket, "exists")
```
## Getting Help
Please use these community resources for getting help. We use the GitHub issues
for tracking bugs and feature requests.
* Ask a question on [StackOverflow](http://stackoverflow.com/) and tag it with the [`aws-sdk-go`](http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/aws-sdk-go) tag.
* Come join the AWS SDK for Go community chat on [gitter](https://gitter.im/aws/aws-sdk-go).
* Open a support ticket with [AWS Support](http://docs.aws.amazon.com/awssupport/latest/user/getting-started.html).
* If you think you may have found a bug, please open an [issue](https://github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go/issues/new/choose).
This SDK implements AWS service APIs. For general issues regarding the AWS services and their limitations, you may also take a look at the [Amazon Web Services Discussion Forums](https://forums.aws.amazon.com/).
### Opening Issues
If you encounter a bug with the AWS SDK for Go we would like to hear about it.
Search the [existing issues](https://github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go/issues) and see
if others are also experiencing the issue before opening a new issue. Please
include the version of AWS SDK for Go, Go language, and OS you’re using. Please
also include reproduction case when appropriate.
The GitHub issues are intended for bug reports and feature requests. For help
and questions with using AWS SDK for Go please make use of the resources listed
in the [Getting Help](https://github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go#getting-help) section.
Keeping the list of open issues lean will help us respond in a timely manner.
## Contributing
We work hard to provide a high-quality and useful SDK for our AWS services, and we greatly value feedback and contributions from our community. Please review our [contributing guidelines](./CONTRIBUTING.md) before submitting any [issues] or [pull requests][pr] to ensure we have all the necessary information to effectively respond to your bug report or contribution.
## Maintenance and support for SDK major versions
For information about maintenance and support for SDK major versions and our underlying dependencies, see the following in the AWS SDKs and Tools Shared Configuration and Credentials Reference Guide:
* [AWS SDKs and Tools Maintenance Policy](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/credref/latest/refdocs/maint-policy.html)
* [AWS SDKs and Tools Version Support Matrix](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/credref/latest/refdocs/version-support-matrix.html)
## Resources
[Developer guide](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/sdk-for-go/v1/developer-guide/welcome.html) - This document
is a general introduction on how to configure and make requests with the SDK.
If this is your first time using the SDK, this documentation and the API
documentation will help you get started. This document focuses on the syntax
and behavior of the SDK. The [Service Developer Guide](https://aws.amazon.com/documentation/)
will help you get started using specific AWS services.
[SDK API Reference Documentation](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/sdk-for-go/api/) - Use this
document to look up all API operation input and output parameters for AWS
services supported by the SDK. The API reference also includes documentation of
the SDK, and examples how to using the SDK, service client API operations, and
API operation require parameters.
[Service Documentation](https://aws.amazon.com/documentation/) - Use this
documentation to learn how to interface with AWS services. These guides are
great for getting started with a service, or when looking for more
information about a service. While this document is not required for coding,
services may supply helpful samples to look out for.
[SDK Examples](https://github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go/tree/main/example) -
Included in the SDK's repo are several hand crafted examples using the SDK
features and AWS services.
[Forum](https://forums.aws.amazon.com/forum.jspa?forumID=293) - Ask questions, get help, and give feedback
[Issues][issues] - Report issues, submit pull requests, and get involved
(see [Apache 2.0 License][license])
[issues]: https://github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go/issues
[pr]: https://github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go/pulls
[license]: http://aws.amazon.com/apache2.0/