# NAME
Amazon::S3 - A portable client library for working with and
managing Amazon S3 buckets and keys.
# SYNOPSIS
use Amazon::S3;
my $aws_access_key_id = "Fill me in!";
my $aws_secret_access_key = "Fill me in too!";
my $s3 = Amazon::S3->new(
{ aws_access_key_id => $aws_access_key_id,
aws_secret_access_key => $aws_secret_access_key,
retry => 1
}
);
my $response = $s3->buckets;
# create a bucket
my $bucket_name = $aws_access_key_id . '-net-amazon-s3-test';
my $bucket = $s3->add_bucket( { bucket => $bucket_name } )
or die $s3->err . ": " . $s3->errstr;
# store a key with a content-type and some optional metadata
my $keyname = 'testing.txt';
my $value = 'T';
$bucket->add_key(
$keyname, $value,
{ content_type => 'text/plain',
'x-amz-meta-colour' => 'orange',
}
);
# copy an object
$bucket->copy_object(
source => $source,
key => $new_keyname
);
# list keys in the bucket
$response = $bucket->list
or die $s3->err . ": " . $s3->errstr;
print $response->{bucket}."\n";
for my $key (@{ $response->{keys} }) {
print "\t".$key->{key}."\n";
}
# delete key from bucket
$bucket->delete_key($keyname);
# delete multiple keys from bucket
$bucket->delete_keys([$key1, $key2, $key3]);
# delete bucket
$bucket->delete_bucket;
# DESCRIPTION
This documentation refers to version 0.62.
`Amazon::S3` provides a portable client interface to Amazon Simple
Storage System (S3).
This module is rather dated, however with some help from a few
contributors it has had some recent updates. Recent changes include
implementations of:
- ListObjectsV2
- CopyObject
- DeleteObjects
Additionally, this module now implements Signature Version 4 signing,
unit tests have been updated and more documentation has been added or
corrected. Credentials are encrypted if you have encryption modules installed.
## Comparison to Other Perl S3 Modules
Other implementations for accessing Amazon's S3 service include
`Net::Amazon::S3` and the `Paws` project. `Amazon::S3` ostensibly
was intended to be a drop-in replacement for `Net:Amazon::S3` that
"traded some performance in return for portability". That statement is
no longer accurate as `Amazon::S3` may have changed the interface in
ways that might break your applications if you are relying on
compatibility with `Net::Amazon::S3`.
However, `Net::Amazon::S3` and `Paws::S3` today, are dependent on
`Moose` which may in fact level the playing field in terms of
performance penalties that may have been introduced by recent updates
to `Amazon::S3`. Changes to `Amazon::S3` include the use of more
Perl modules in lieu of raw Perl code to increase maintainability and
stability as well as some refactoring. `Amazon::S3` also strives now
to adhere to best practices as much as possible.
`Paws::S3` may be a much more robust implementation of
a Perl S3 interface, however this module may still appeal to
those that favor simplicity of the interface and a lower number of
dependencies. Below is the original description of the module.
> Amazon S3 is storage for the Internet. It is designed to
> make web-scale computing easier for developers. Amazon S3
> provides a simple web services interface that can be used to
> store and retrieve any amount of data, at any time, from
> anywhere on the web. It gives any developer access to the
> same highly scalable, reliable, fast, inexpensive data
> storage infrastructure that Amazon uses to run its own
> global network of web sites. The service aims to maximize
> benefits of scale and to pass those benefits on to
> developers.
>
> To sign up for an Amazon Web Services account, required to
> use this library and the S3 service, please visit the Amazon
> Web Services web site at http://www.amazonaws.com/.
>
> You will be billed accordingly by Amazon when you use this
> module and must be responsible for these costs.
>
> To learn more about Amazon's S3 service, please visit:
> http://s3.amazonaws.com/.
>
> The need for this module arose from some work that needed
> to work with S3 and would be distributed, installed and used
> on many various environments where compiled dependencies may
> not be an option. [Net::Amazon::S3](https://metacpan.org/pod/Net%3A%3AAmazon%3A%3AS3) used [XML::LibXML](https://metacpan.org/pod/XML%3A%3ALibXML)
> tying it to that specific and often difficult to install
> option. In order to remove this potential barrier to entry,
> this module is forked and then modified to use [XML::SAX](https://metacpan.org/pod/XML%3A%3ASAX)
> via [XML::Simple](https://metacpan.org/pod/XML%3A%3ASimple).
# LIMITATIONS AND DIFFERENCES WITH EARLIER VERSIONS
As noted, this module is no longer a _drop-in_ replacement for
`Net::Amazon::S3` and has limitations and differences that may impact
the use of this module in your applications. Additionally, one of the
original intents of this fork of `Net::Amazon::S3` was to reduce the
number of dependencies and make it _easy to install_. Recent changes
to this module have introduced new dependencies in order to improve
the maintainability and provide additional features. Installing CPAN
modules is never easy, especially when the dependencies of the
dependencies are impossible to control and include XS modules.
- MINIMUM PERL
Technically, this module should run on versions 5.10 and above,
however some of the dependencies may require higher versions of
`perl` or some lower versions of the dependencies due to conflicts
with other versions of dependencies...it's a crapshoot when dealing
with older `perl` versions and CPAN modules.
You may however, be able to build this module by installing older
versions of those dependencies and take your chances that those older
versions provide enough working features to support `Amazon::S3`. It
is likely they do...and this module has recently been tested on
version 5.10.0 `perl` using some older CPAN modules to resolve
dependency issues.
To build this module on an earlier version of `perl` you may need to
downgrade some modules. In particular I have found this recipe to
work for building and testing on 5.10.0.
In this order install:
HTML::HeadParser 2.14
LWP 6.13
Amazon::S3
...other versions _may_ work...YMMV.
- API Signing
Making calls to AWS APIs requires that the calls be signed. Amazon
has added a new signing method (Signature Version 4) to increase
security around their APIs. This module no longer utilizes Signature
Version V2.
**New regions after January 30, 2014 will only support Signature Version 4.**
See ["Signature Version V4"](#signature-version-v4) below for important details.
- Signature Version 4
[https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/sigv4-query-string-auth.html](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/sigv4-query-string-auth.html)
_IMPORTANT NOTE:_
Unlike Signature Version 2, Version 4 requires a regional
parameter. This implies that you need to supply the bucket's region
when signing requests for any API call that involves a specific
bucket. Starting with version 0.55 of this module,
`Amazon::S3::Bucket` provides a new method (`region()`) and accepts
in the constructor a `region` parameter. If a region is not
supplied, the region for the bucket will be set to the region set in
the `account` object (`Amazon::S3`) that you passed to the bucket's
new constructor. Alternatively, you can request that the bucket's new
constructor determine the bucket's region for you by calling the
`get_location_constraint()` method.
When signing API calls, the region for the specific bucket will be
used. For calls that are not regional (`buckets()`, e.g.) the default
region ('us-east-1') will be used.
- Signature Version 2
[https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/userguide/RESTAuthentication.html](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/userguide/RESTAuthentication.html)
- New APIs
This module does not support some of the newer API method calls
for S3 added after the initial creation of this interface.
- Multipart Upload Support
There are some recently added unit tests for multipart uploads that
seem to indicate this feature is working as expected. Please report
any deviation from expected results if you are using those methods.
For more information regarding multipart uploads visit the link below.
[https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/API\_CreateMultipartUpload.html](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/API_CreateMultipartUpload.html)
# METHODS AND SUBROUTINES
## new
Create a new S3 client object. Takes some arguments:
- credentials (optional)
Reference to a class (like `Amazon::Credentials`) that can provide
credentials via the methods:
get_aws_access_key_id()
get_aws_secret_access_key()
get_token()
If you do not provide a credential class you must provide the keys
when you instantiate the object. See below.
_You are strongly encourage to use a class that provides getters. If
you choose to provide your credentials to this class then they will be
stored in this object. If you dump the class you will likely expose
those credentials._
- aws\_access\_key\_id
Use your Access Key ID as the value of the AWSAccessKeyId parameter
in requests you send to Amazon Web Services (when required). Your
Access Key ID identifies you as the party responsible for the
request.
- aws\_secret\_access\_key
Since your Access Key ID is not encrypted in requests to AWS, it
could be discovered and used by anyone. Services that are not free
require you to provide additional information, a request signature,
to verify that a request containing your unique Access Key ID could
only have come from you.
**DO NOT INCLUDE THIS IN SCRIPTS OR APPLICATIONS YOU
DISTRIBUTE. YOU'LL BE SORRY.**
_Consider using a credential class as described above to provide
credentials, otherwise this class will store your credentials for
signing the requests. If you dump this object to logs your credentials
could be discovered._
- token
An optional temporary token that will be inserted in the request along
with your access and secret key. A token is used in conjunction with
temporary credentials when your EC2 instance has
assumed a role and you've scraped the temporary credentials from
_http://169.254.169.254/latest/meta-data/iam/security-credentials_
- secure
Set this to a true value if you want to use SSL-encrypted connections
when connecting to S3. Starting in version 0.49, the default is true.
default: true
- timeout
Defines the time, in seconds, your script should wait or a
response before bailing.
default: 30s
- retry
Enables or disables the library to retry upon errors. This
uses exponential backoff with retries after 1, 2, 4, 8, 16,
32 seconds, as recommended by Amazon.
default: off
- host
Defines the S3 host endpoint to use.
default: s3.amazonaws.com
Note that requests are made to domain buckets when possible. You can
prevent that behavior if either the bucket name does not conform to
DNS bucket naming conventions or you preface the bucket name with '/'.
If you set a region then the host name will be modified accordingly if
it is an Amazon endpoint.
- region
The AWS region you where your bucket is located.
default: us-east-1
- buffer\_size
The default buffer size when reading or writing files.
default: 4096
## signer
Sets or retrieves the signer object. API calls must be signed using
your AWS credentials. By default, starting with version 0.54 the
module will use [Net::Amazon::Signature::V4](https://metacpan.org/pod/Net%3A%3AAmazon%3A%3ASignature%3A%3AV4) as the signer and
instantiate a signer object in the constructor. Note however, that
signers need your credentials and they _will_ get stored by that
class, making them susceptible to inadvertant exfiltration. You have a
few options here:
- 1. Use your own signer.
You may have noticed that you can also provide your own credentials
object forcing this module to use your object for retrieving
credentials. Likewise, you can use your own signer so that this
module's signer never sees or stores those credentials.
- 2. Pass the credentials object and set `cache_signer` to a
false value.
If you pass a credentials object and set `cache_signer` to a false
value, the module will use the credentials object to retrieve
credentials and create a new signer each time an API call is made that
requires signing. This prevents your credentials from being stored
inside of the signer class.
_Note that using your own credentials object that stores your
credentials in plaintext is also going to expose your credentials when
someone dumps the class._
- 3. Pass credentials, set `cache_signer` to a false value.
Unfortunately, while this will prevent [Net::Amazon::Signature::V4](https://metacpan.org/pod/Net%3A%3AAmazon%3A%3ASignature%3A%3AV4)
from hanging on to your credentials, you credentials will be stored in
the `Amazon::S3` object.
Starting with version 0.55 of this module, if you have installed
[Crypt::CBC](https://metacpan.org/pod/Crypt%3A%3ACBC) and [Crypt::Blowfish](https://metacpan.org/pod/Crypt%3A%3ABlowfish), your credentials will be
encrypted using a random key created when the class is
instantiated. While this is more secure than leaving them in
plaintext, if the key is discovered (the key however is not stored in
the object's hash) and the object is dumped, your _encrypted_
credentials can be exposed.
- 4. Use very granular credentials for bucket access only.
Use credentials that only allow access to a bucket or portions of a
bucket required for your application. This will at least limit the
_blast radius_ of any potential security breach.
- 5. Do nothing...send the credentials, use the default signer.
In this case, both the `Amazon::S3` class and the
[Net::Amazon::Signature::V4](https://metacpan.org/pod/Net%3A%3AAmazon%3A%3ASignature%3A%3AV4) have your credentials. Caveat Emptor.
See also [Amazon::Credentials](https://metacpan.org/pod/Amazon%3A%3ACredentials) for more information about safely
storing your credentials and preventing exfiltration.
## region
Sets the region for the API calls. This will also be the
default when instantiating the bucket object unless you pass the
region parameter in the `bucket` method or use the `verify_region`
flag that will _always_ verify the region of the bucket using the
`get_location_constraint` method.
default: us-east-1
## buckets
buckets([verify-region])
- verify-region (optional)
`verify-region` is a boolean value that indicates if the
bucket's region should be verified when the bucket object is
instantiated.
If set to true, this method will call the `bucket` method with
`verify_region` set to true causing the constructor to call the
`get_location_constraint` for each bucket to set the bucket's
region. This will cause a significant decrease in the peformance of
the `buckets()` method. Setting the region for each bucket is
necessary since API operations on buckets require the region of the
bucket when signing API requests. If all of your buckets are in the
same region and you have passed a region parameter to your S3 object,
then that region will be used when calling the constructor of your
bucket objects.
default: false
Returns a reference to a hash containing the metadata for all of the
buckets owned by the accout or (see below) or `undef` on error.
- owner\_id
The owner ID of the bucket's owner.
- owner\_display\_name
The name of the owner account.
- buckets
An array of [Amazon::S3::Bucket](https://metacpan.org/pod/Amazon%3A%3AS3%3A%3ABucket) objects for the account. Returns
`undef` if there are not buckets or an error occurs.
## add\_bucket
add_bucket(bucket-configuration)
`bucket-configuration` is a reference to a hash with bucket configuration
parameters.
- bucket
The name of the bucket. See [Bucket name
rules](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/userguide/bucketnamingrules.html)
for more details on bucket naming rules.
- acl\_short (optional)
See the set\_acl subroutine for documenation on the acl\_short options
- location\_constraint
- region
The region the bucket is to be created in.
Returns a [Amazon::S3::Bucket](https://metacpan.org/pod/Amazon%3A%3AS3%3A%3ABucket) object on success or `undef` on failure.
## bucket
bucket(bucket, [region])
bucket({ bucket => bucket-name, verify_region => boolean, region => region });
Takes a scalar argument or refernce to a hash of arguments.
You can pass the region or set `verify_region` indicating that
you want the bucket constructor to detemine the bucket region.
If you do not pass the region or set the `verify_region` value, the
region will be set to the default region set in your `Amazon::S3`
object.
See [Amazon::S3::Bucket](https://metacpan.org/pod/Amazon%3A%3AS3%3A%3ABucket) for a complete description of the `bucket`
method.
## delete\_bucket
Takes either a [Amazon::S3::Bucket](https://metacpan.org/pod/Amazon%3A%3AS3%3A%3ABucket) object or a reference to a hash
containing:
- bucket
The name of the bucket to remove
- region
Region the bucket is located in. If not provided, the method will
determine the bucket's region by calling `get_bucket_location`.
Returns a boolean indicating the success or failure of the API
call. Check `err` or `errstr` for error messages.
Note from the [Amazon's documentation](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/userguide/BucketRestrictions.html)
> If a bucket is empty, you can delete it. After a bucket is deleted,
> the name becomes available for reuse. However, after you delete the
> bucket, you might not be able to reuse the name for various reasons.
>
> For example, when you delete the bucket and the name becomes available
> for reuse, another AWS account might create a bucket with that
> name. In addition, **some time might pass before you can reuse the name
> of a deleted bucket**. If you want to use the same bucket name, we
> recommend that you don't delete the bucket.
## dns\_bucket\_names
Set or get a boolean that indicates whether to use DNS bucket
names.
default: true
## list\_bucket, list\_bucket\_v2
List all keys in this bucket.
Takes a reference to a hash of arguments:
- bucket (required)
The name of the bucket you want to list keys on.
- prefix
Restricts the response to only contain results that begin with the
specified prefix. If you omit this optional argument, the value of
prefix for your query will be the empty string. In other words, the
results will be not be restricted by prefix.
- delimiter
If this optional, Unicode string parameter is included with your
request, then keys that contain the same string between the prefix
and the first occurrence of the delimiter will be rolled up into a
single result element in the CommonPrefixes collection. These
rolled-up keys are not returned elsewhere in the response. For
example, with prefix="USA/" and delimiter="/", the matching keys
"USA/Oregon/Salem" and "USA/Oregon/Portland" would be summarized
in the response as a single "USA/Oregon" element in the CommonPrefixes
collection. If an otherwise matching key does not contain the
delimiter after the prefix, it appears in the Contents collection.
Each element in the CommonPrefixes collection counts as one against
the MaxKeys limit. The rolled-up keys represented by each CommonPrefixes
element do not. If the Delimiter parameter is not present in your
request, keys in the result set will not be rolled-up and neither
the CommonPrefixes collection nor the NextMarker element will be
present in the response.
NOTE: CommonPrefixes isn't currently supported by Amazon::S3.
- max-keys
This optional argument limits the number of results returned in
response to your query. Amazon S3 will return no more than this
number of results, but possibly less. Even if max-keys is not
specified, Amazon S3 will limit the number of results in the response.
Check the IsTruncated flag to see if your results are incomplete.
If so, use the Marker parameter to request the next page of results.
For the purpose of counting max-keys, a 'result' is either a key
in the 'Contents' collection, or a delimited prefix in the
'CommonPrefixes' collection. So for delimiter requests, max-keys
limits the total number of list results, not just the number of
keys.
- marker
This optional parameter enables pagination of large result sets.
`marker` specifies where in the result set to resume listing. It
restricts the response to only contain results that occur alphabetically
after the value of marker. To retrieve the next page of results,
use the last key from the current page of results as the marker in
your next request.
See also `next_marker`, below.
If `marker` is omitted,the first page of results is returned.
Returns `undef` on error and a reference to a hash of data on success:
The return value looks like this:
{
bucket => $bucket_name,
prefix => $bucket_prefix,
marker => $bucket_marker,
next_marker => $bucket_next_available_marker,
max_keys => $bucket_max_keys,
is_truncated => $bucket_is_truncated_boolean
keys => [$key1,$key2,...]
}
- is\_truncated
Boolean flag that indicates whether or not all results of your query were
returned in this response. If your results were truncated, you can
make a follow-up paginated request using the Marker parameter to
retrieve the rest of the results.
- next\_marker
A convenience element, useful when paginating with delimiters. The
value of `next_marker`, if present, is the largest (alphabetically)
of all key names and all CommonPrefixes prefixes in the response.
If the `is_truncated` flag is set, request the next page of results
by setting `marker` to the value of `next_marker`. This element
is only present in the response if the `delimiter` parameter was
sent with the request.
Each key is a reference to a hash that looks like this:
{
key => $key,
last_modified => $last_mod_date,
etag => $etag, # An MD5 sum of the stored content.
size => $size, # Bytes
storage_class => $storage_class # Doc?
owner_id => $owner_id,
owner_displayname => $owner_name
}
## get\_bucket\_location
get_bucket_location(bucket-name)
get_bucket_locaiton(bucket-obj)
This is a convenience routines for the `get_location_constraint()` of
the bucket object. This method will return the default
region of 'us-east-1' when `get_location_constraint()` returns a null
value.
my $region = $s3->get_bucket_location('my-bucket');
Starting with version 0.55, `Amazon::S3::Bucket` will call this
`get_location_constraint()` to determine the region for the
bucket. You can get the region for the bucket by using the `region()`
method of the bucket object.
my $bucket = $s3->bucket('my-bucket');
my $bucket_region = $bucket->region;
## get\_logger
Returns the logger object. If you did not set a logger when you
created the object then an instance of `Amazon::S3::Logger` is
returned. You can log to STDERR using this logger. For example:
$s3->get_logger->debug('this is a debug message');
$s3->get_logger->trace(sub { return Dumper([$response]) });
## list\_bucket\_all, list\_bucket\_all\_v2
List all keys in this bucket without having to worry about
'marker'. This is a convenience method, but may make multiple requests
to S3 under the hood.
Takes the same arguments as `list_bucket`.
_You are encouraged to use the newer `list_bucket_all_v2` method._
## err
The S3 error code for the last error encountered.
## errstr
A human readable error string for the last error encountered.
## error
The decoded XML string as a hash object of the last error.
## last\_response
Returns the last [HTTP::Response](https://metacpan.org/pod/HTTP%3A%3AResponse) object.
## last\_request
Returns the last [HTTP::Request](https://metacpan.org/pod/HTTP%3A%3ARequest) object.
## level
Set the logging level.
default: error
## turn\_on\_special\_retry
Called to add extra retry codes if retry has been set
## turn\_off\_special\_retry
Called to turn off special retry codes when we are deliberately triggering them
# ABOUT
This module contains code modified from Amazon that contains the
following notice:
# This software code is made available "AS IS" without warranties of any
# kind. You may copy, display, modify and redistribute the software
# code either by itself or as incorporated into your code; provided that
# you do not remove any proprietary notices. Your use of this software
# code is at your own risk and you waive any claim against Amazon
# Digital Services, Inc. or its affiliates with respect to your use of
# this software code. (c) 2006 Amazon Digital Services, Inc. or its
# affiliates.
# TESTING
Testing S3 is a tricky thing. Amazon wants to charge you a bit of
money each time you use their service. And yes, testing counts as using.
Because of this, the application's test suite skips anything approaching
a real test unless you set these environment variables:
For more on testing this module see [README-TESTING.md](https://github.com/rlauer6/perl-amazon-s3/blob/master/README-TESTING.md)
- AMAZON\_S3\_EXPENSIVE\_TESTS
Doesn't matter what you set it to. Just has to be set
- AMAZON\_S3\_HOST
Sets the host to use for the API service.
default: s3.amazonaws.com
Note that if this value is set, DNS bucket name usage will be disabled
for testing. Most likely, if you set this variable, you are using a
mocking service and your bucket names are probably not resolvable. You
can override this behavior by setting `AWS_S3_DNS_BUCKET_NAMES` to any
value.
- AWS\_S3\_DSN\_BUCKET\_NAMES
Set this to any value to override the default behavior of disabling
DNS bucket names during testing.
- AWS\_ACCESS\_KEY\_ID
Your AWS access key
- AWS\_SECRET\_ACCESS\_KEY
Your AWS sekkr1t passkey. Be forewarned that setting this environment variable
on a shared system might leak that information to another user. Be careful.
- AMAZON\_S3\_SKIP\_ACL\_TESTS
Doesn't matter what you set it to. Just has to be set if you want
to skip ACLs tests.
- AMAZON\_S3\_SKIP\_PERMISSIONS
Skip tests that check for enforcement of ACLs...as of this version,
LocalStack for example does not support enforcement of ACLs.
- AMAZON\_S3\_SKIP\_REGION\_CONSTRAINT\_TEST
Doesn't matter what you set it to. Just has to be set if you want
to skip region constraint test.
- AMAZON\_S3\_MINIO
Doesn't matter what you set it to. Just has to be set if you want
to skip tests that would fail on minio.
- AMAZON\_S3\_LOCALSTACK
Doesn't matter what you set it to. Just has to be set if you want
to skip tests that would fail on LocalStack.
- AMAZON\_S3\_REGIONS
A comma delimited list of regions to use for testing. The default will
only test creating a bucket in the local region.
_Consider using an S3 mocking service like `minio` or `LocalStack`
if you want to create real tests for your applications or this module._
Here's bash script for testing using LocalStack
#!/bin/bash
# -*- mode: sh; -*-
BUCKET=net-amazon-s3-test-test
ENDPOINT_URL=s3.localhost.localstack.cloud:4566
AMAZON_S3_EXPENSIVE_TESTS=1 \
AMAZON_S3_HOST=$ENDPOINT_URL \
AMAZON_S3_LOCALSTACK=1 \
AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID=test \
AWS_ACCESS_SECRET_KEY=test \
AMAZON_S3_DOMAIN_BUCKET_NAMES=1 make test 2>&1 | tee test.log
To run the tests...clone the project and build the software.
cd src/main/perl
./test.localstack
# ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
## LOGGING AND DEBUGGING
Additional debugging information can be output to STDERR by setting
the `level` option when you instantiate the `Amazon::S3`
object. Levels are represented as a string. The valid levels are:
fatal
error
warn
info
debug
trace
You can set an optionally pass in a logger that implements a subset of
the `Log::Log4perl` interface. Your logger should support at least
these method calls. If you do not supply a logger the default logger
(`Amazon::S3::Logger`) will be used.
get_logger()
fatal()
error()
warn()
info()
debug()
trace()
level()
At the `trace` level, every HTTP request and response will be output
to STDERR. At the `debug` level information regarding the higher
level methods will be output to STDERR. There currently is no
additional information logged at lower levels.
## S3 LINKS OF INTEREST
- [Bucket restrictions and limitations](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/userguide/BucketRestrictions.html)
- [Bucket naming rules](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/userguide/bucketnamingrules.html)
- [Amazon S3 REST API](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/Welcome.html)
- [Authenticating Requests (AWS Signature Version 4)](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/sig-v4-authenticating-requests.html)
- [Authenticating Requests (AWS Signature Version 2)](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/userguide/RESTAuthentication.html)
- [LocalStack](https://localstack.io)
# SUPPORT
Bugs should be reported via the CPAN bug tracker at
[http://rt.cpan.org/NoAuth/ReportBug.html?Queue=Amazon-S3](http://rt.cpan.org/NoAuth/ReportBug.html?Queue=Amazon-S3)
For other issues, contact the author.
# REPOSITORY
[https://github.com/rlauer6/perl-amazon-s3](https://github.com/rlauer6/perl-amazon-s3)
# AUTHOR
Original author: Timothy Appnel <tima@cpan.org>
Current maintainer: Rob Lauer <bigfoot@cpan.org>
# SEE ALSO
[Amazon::S3::Bucket](https://metacpan.org/pod/Amazon%3A%3AS3%3A%3ABucket), [Net::Amazon::S3](https://metacpan.org/pod/Net%3A%3AAmazon%3A%3AS3)
# COPYRIGHT AND LICENCE
This module was initially based on [Net::Amazon::S3](https://metacpan.org/pod/Net%3A%3AAmazon%3A%3AS3) 0.41, by
Leon Brocard. Net::Amazon::S3 was based on example code from
Amazon with this notice:
_This software code is made available "AS IS" without warranties of any
kind. You may copy, display, modify and redistribute the software
code either by itself or as incorporated into your code; provided that
you do not remove any proprietary notices. Your use of this software
code is at your own risk and you waive any claim against Amazon
Digital Services, Inc. or its affiliates with respect to your use of
this software code. (c) 2006 Amazon Digital Services, Inc. or its
affiliates._
The software is released under the Artistic License. The
terms of the Artistic License are described at
http://www.perl.com/language/misc/Artistic.html. Except
where otherwise noted, `Amazon::S3` is Copyright 2008, Timothy
Appnel, tima@cpan.org. All rights reserved.