NAME
Class::DBI::Sweet - Making sweet things sweeter
SYNOPSIS
package MyApp::DBI;
use base 'Class::DBI::Sweet';
MyApp::DBI->connection('dbi:driver:dbname', 'username', 'password');
package MyApp::Article;
use base 'MyApp::DBI';
use DateTime;
__PACKAGE__->table('article');
__PACKAGE__->columns( Primary => qw[ id ] );
__PACKAGE__->columns( Essential => qw[ title created_on created_by ] );
__PACKAGE__->has_a(
created_on => 'DateTime',
inflate => sub { DateTime->from_epoch( epoch => shift ) },
deflate => sub { shift->epoch }
);
# Simple search
MyApp::Article->search( created_by => 'sri', { order_by => 'title' } );
MyApp::Article->count( created_by => 'sri' );
MyApp::Article->page( created_by => 'sri', { page => 5 } );
MyApp::Article->retrieve_all( order_by => 'created_on' );
# More powerful search with deflating
$criteria = {
created_on => {
-between => [
DateTime->new( year => 2004 ),
DateTime->new( year => 2005 ),
]
},
created_by => [ qw(chansen draven gabb jester sri) ],
title => {
-like => [ qw( perl% catalyst% ) ]
}
};
MyApp::Article->search( $criteria, { rows => 30 } );
MyApp::Article->count($criteria);
MyApp::Article->page( $criteria, { rows => 10, page => 2 } );
MyApp::Article->retrieve_next( $criteria,
{ order_by => 'created_on' } );
MyApp::Article->retrieve_previous( $criteria,
{ order_by => 'created_on' } );
MyApp::Article->default_search_attributes(
{ order_by => 'created_on' } );
# Automatic joins for search and count
MyApp::CD->has_many(tracks => 'MyApp::Track');
MyApp::CD->has_many(tags => 'MyApp::Tag');
MyApp::CD->has_a(artist => 'MyApp::Artist');
MyApp::CD->might_have(liner_notes
=> 'MyApp::LinerNotes' => qw/notes/);
MyApp::Artist->search({ 'cds.year' => $cd }, # $cd->year subtituted
{ order_by => 'artistid DESC' });
my ($tag) = $cd->tags; # Grab first tag off CD
my ($next) = $cd->retrieve_next( { 'tags.tag' => $tag },
{ order_by => 'title' } );
MyApp::CD->search( { 'liner_notes.notes' => { "!=" => undef } } );
MyApp::CD->count(
{ 'year' => { '>', 1998 }, 'tags.tag' => 'Cheesy',
'liner_notes.notes' => { 'like' => 'Buy%' } } );
# Multi-step joins
MyApp::Artist->search({ 'cds.tags.tag' => 'Shiny' });
# Retrieval with pre-loading
my ($cd) = MyApp::CD->search( { ... },
{ prefetch => [ qw/artist liner_notes/ ] } );
$cd->artist # Pre-loaded
# Caching of resultsets (*experimental*)
__PACKAGE__->default_search_attributes( { use_resultset_cache => 1 } );
DESCRIPTION
Class::DBI::Sweet provides convenient count, search, page, and cache
functions in a sweet package. It integrates these functions with
"Class::DBI" in a convenient and efficient way.
RETRIEVING OBJECTS
All retrieving methods can take the same criteria and attributes.
Criteria is the only required parameter.
criteria
Can be a hash, hashref, or an arrayref. Takes the same options as the
SQL::Abstract "where" method. If values contain any objects, they will
be deflated before querying the database.
attributes
case, cmp, convert, and logic
These attributes are passed to SQL::Abstract's constuctor and alter
the behavior of the criteria.
{ cmp => 'like' }
order_by
Specifies the sort order of the results.
{ order_by => 'created_on DESC' }
rows
Specifies the maximum number of rows to return. Currently supported
RDBMs are Interbase, MaxDB, MySQL, PostgreSQL and SQLite. For other
RDBMs, it will be emulated.
{ rows => 10 }
offset
Specifies the offset of the first row to return. Defaults to 0 if
unspecified.
{ offset => 0 }
page
Specifies the current page in "page". Defaults to 1 if unspecified.
{ page => 1 }
prefetch
Specifies a listref of relationships to prefetch. These must be
has_a or might_haves or Sweet will throw an error. This will cause
Sweet to do a join across to the related tables in order to return
the related object without a second trip to the database. All
'Essential' columns of the foreign table are retrieved.
{ prefetch => [ qw/some_rel some_other_rel/ ] }
Sweet constructs the joined SQL statement by aliasing the columns in
each table and prefixing the column name with 'sweet__N_' where N is
a counter starting at 1. Note that if your database has a column
length limit (for example, Oracle's limit is 30) and you use long
column names in your application, Sweet's addition of at least 9
extra characters to your column name may cause database errors.
use_resultset_cache
Enables the resultset cache. This is a little experimental and
massive gotchas may rear their ugly head at some stage, but it does
seem to work pretty well.
For best results, the resultset cache should only be used
selectively on queries where you experience performance problems.
Enabling it for every single query in your application will most
likely cause a drop in performance as the cache overhead is greater
than simply fetching the data from the database.
profile_cache
Records cache hits/misses and what keys they were for in
->profiling_data. Note that this is class metadata so if you don't
want it to be global for Sweet you need to do
__PACKAGE__->profiling_data({ });
in either your base class or your table classes to taste.
disable_sql_paging
Disables the use of paging in SQL statements if set, forcing Sweet
to emulate paging by slicing the iterator at the end of ->search
(which it normally only uses as a fallback mechanism). Useful for
testing or for causing the entire query to be retrieved initially
when the resultset cache is used.
This is also useful when using custom SQL via "set_sql" and setting
"sql_method" (see below) where a COUNT(*) may not make sense (i.e.
when the COUNT(*) might be as expensive as just running the full
query and just slicing the iterator).
sql_method
This sets the name of the sql fragment to use as previously set by a
"set_sql" call. The default name is "Join_Retrieve" and the
associated default sql fragment set in this class is:
__PACKAGE__->set_sql( Join_Retrieve => <<'SQL' );
SELECT __ESSENTIAL(me)__%s
FROM %s
WHERE %s
SQL
You may override this in your table or base class using the same
name and CDBI::Sweet will use your custom fragment, instead.
If you need to use more than one sql fragment in a given class you
may create a new sql fragment and then specify its name using the
"sql_method" attribute.
The %s strings are replaced by sql parts as described in Ima::DBI.
See "statement_order" for the sql part that replaces each instance
of %s.
In addition, the associated statment for COUNT(*) statement has
"_Count" appended to the sql_method name. Only "from" and "where"
are passed to the sprintf function.
The default sql fragment used for "Join_Retrieve" is:
__PACKAGE__->set_sql( Join_Retrieve_Count => <<'SQL' );
SELECT COUNT(*)
FROM %s
WHERE %s
SQL
If you create a custom sql method (and set the "sql_method"
attribute) then you will likely need to also create an associated
_Count fragment. If you do not have an associated _Count, and wish
to call the "page" method, then set "disable_sql_paging" to true and
your result set from the select will be spliced to return the page
you request.
Here's an example.
Assume a CD has_a Artist (and thus Artists have_many CDs), and you
wish to return a list of artists and how many CDs each have:
In package MyDB::Artist
__PACKAGE__->columns( TEMP => 'cd_count');
__PACKAGE__->set_sql( 'count_by_cd', <<'');
SELECT __ESSENTIAL(me)__, COUNT(cds.cdid) as cd_count
FROM %s -- ("from")
WHERE %s -- ("where")
GROUP BY __ESSENTIAL(me)__
%s %s -- ("limit" and "order_by")
Then in your application code:
my ($pager, $iterator) = MyDB::Artist->page(
{
'cds.title' => { '!=', undef },
},
{
sql_method => 'count_by_cd',
statement_order => [qw/ from where limit order_by / ],
disable_sql_paging => 1,
order_by => 'cd_count desc',
rows => 10,
page => 1,
} );
The above generates the following SQL:
SELECT me.artistid, me.name, COUNT(cds.cdid) as cd_count
FROM artist me, cd cds
WHERE ( cds.title IS NOT NULL ) AND me.artistid = cds.artist
GROUP BY me.artistid, me.name
ORDER BY cd_count desc
The one caveat is that Sweet cannot figure out the has_many joins
unless you specify them in the $criteria. In the previous example
that's done by asking for all cd titles that are not null (which
should be all).
To fetch a list like above but limited to cds that were created
before the year 2000, you might do:
my ($pager, $iterator) = MyDB::Artist->page(
{
'cds.year' => { '<', 2000 },
},
{
sql_method => 'count_by_cd',
statement_order => [qw/ from where limit order_by / ],
disable_sql_paging => 1,
order_by => 'cd_count desc',
rows => 10,
page => 1,
} );
statement_order
Specifies a list reference of SQL parts that are replaced in the SQL
fragment (which is defined with "sql_method" above). The available
SQL parts are:
prefetch_cols from where order_by limit sql prefetch_names
The "sql" part is shortcut notation for these three combined:
where order_by limit
Prefecch_cols are the columns selected when a prefetch is speccified
-- use in the SELECT. Prefetch_names are just the column names for
use in GROUP BY.
This is useful when statement order needs to be changed, such as
when using a GROUP BY:
count
Returns a count of the number of rows matching the criteria. "count"
will discard "offset", "order_by", and "rows".
$count = MyApp::Article->count(%criteria);
search
Returns an iterator in scalar context, or an array of objects in list
context.
@objects = MyApp::Article->search(%criteria);
$iterator = MyApp::Article->search(%criteria);
search_like
As search but adds the attribute { cmp => 'like' }.
page
Retuns a page object and an iterator. The page object is an instance of
Data::Page.
( $page, $iterator )
= MyApp::Article->page( $criteria, { rows => 10, page => 2 );
printf( "Results %d - %d of %d Found\n",
$page->first, $page->last, $page->total_entries );
pager
An alias to page.
retrieve_all
Same as "Class::DBI" with addition that it takes "attributes" as
arguments, "attributes" can be a hash or a hashref.
$iterator = MyApp::Article->retrieve_all( order_by => 'created_on' );
retrieve_next
Returns the next record after the current one according to the order_by
attribute (or primary key if no order_by specified) matching the
criteria. Must be called as an object method.
retrieve_previous
As retrieve_next but retrieves the previous record.
CACHING OBJECTS
Objects will be stored deflated in cache. Only "Primary" and "Essential"
columns will be cached.
cache
Class method: if this is set caching is enabled. Any cache object that
has a "get", "set", and "remove" method is supported.
__PACKAGE__->cache(
Cache::FastMmap->new(
share_file => '/tmp/cdbi',
expire_time => 3600
)
);
cache_key
Returns a cache key for an object consisting of class and primary keys.
Overloaded methods
_init
Overrides "Class::DBI"'s internal cache. On a cache hit, it will
return a cached object; on a cache miss it will create an new object
and store it in the cache.
create
insert
All caches for this table are marked stale and will be re-cached on
next retrieval. create is an alias kept for backwards compability.
retrieve
On a cache hit the object will be inflated by the "select" trigger
and then served.
update
Object is removed from the cache and will be cached on next
retrieval.
delete
Object is removed from the cache.
UNIVERSALLY UNIQUE IDENTIFIERS
If enabled a UUID string will be generated for primary column. A
CHAR(36) column is suitable for storage.
__PACKAGE__->sequence('uuid');
MAINTAINERS
Fred Moyer <fred@redhotpenguin.com>
AUTHORS
Christian Hansen <ch@ngmedia.com>
Matt S Trout <mstrout@cpan.org>
Andy Grundman <andy@hybridized.org>
THANKS TO
Danijel Milicevic, Jesse Sheidlower, Marcus Ramberg, Sebastian Riedel,
Viljo Marrandi, Bill Moseley
SUPPORT
#catalyst on <irc://irc.perl.org>
<http://lists.rawmode.org/mailman/listinfo/catalyst>
<http://lists.rawmode.org/mailman/listinfo/catalyst-dev>
LICENSE
This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
under the same terms as Perl itself.
SEE ALSO
Class::DBI
Data::Page
Data::UUID
SQL::Abstract
Catalyst
<http://cpan.robm.fastmail.fm/cache_perf.html> A comparison of different
caching modules for perl.