#
# This file is part of POE-Component-SSLify
#
# This software is copyright (c) 2011 by Apocalypse.
#
# This is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
# the same terms as the Perl 5 programming language system itself.
#
use strict; use warnings;
package POE::Component::SSLify;
BEGIN {
$POE::Component::SSLify::VERSION = '1.005';
}
BEGIN {
$POE::Component::SSLify::AUTHORITY = 'cpan:APOCAL';
}
# ABSTRACT: Makes using SSL in the world of POE easy!
# We need Net::SSLeay or all's a failure!
BEGIN {
# We need >= 1.36 because it contains a lot of important fixes
eval "use Net::SSLeay 1.36 qw( die_now die_if_ssl_error FILETYPE_PEM )";
# Check for errors...
if ( $@ ) {
# Oh boy!
die $@;
} else {
# Finally, load our subclasses :)
# ClientHandle isa ServerHandle so it will get loaded automatically
require POE::Component::SSLify::ClientHandle;
# Initialize Net::SSLeay
# Taken from http://search.cpan.org/~flora/Net-SSLeay-1.36/lib/Net/SSLeay.pm#Low_level_API
Net::SSLeay::load_error_strings();
Net::SSLeay::SSLeay_add_ssl_algorithms();
Net::SSLeay::ENGINE_load_builtin_engines();
Net::SSLeay::ENGINE_register_all_complete();
Net::SSLeay::randomize();
}
}
# Do the exporting magic...
use parent 'Exporter';
our @EXPORT_OK = qw(
Client_SSLify Server_SSLify
SSLify_Options SSLify_GetCTX SSLify_GetCipher SSLify_GetSocket SSLify_GetSSL SSLify_ContextCreate SSLify_GetStatus
);
# Bring in some socket-related stuff
use Symbol qw( gensym );
# we need IO 1.24 for it's win32 fixes but it includes IO::Handle 1.27_02 which is dev...
# unfortunately we have to jump to IO 1.25 which includes IO::Handle 1.28... argh!
use IO::Handle 1.28;
# Use Scalar::Util's weaken() for the connref stuff
use Scalar::Util qw( weaken );
use Task::Weaken 1.03; # to make sure it actually works!
# The server-side CTX stuff
my $ctx;
# global so users of this module can override it locally
our $IGNORE_SSL_ERRORS = 0;
sub Client_SSLify {
# Get the socket + version + options + ctx + callback
my( $socket, $version, $options, $custom_ctx, $callback ) = @_;
# Validation...
if ( ! defined $socket ) {
die "Did not get a defined socket";
}
# Mangle the callback stuff
if ( defined $version and ref $version and ref( $version ) eq 'CODE' ) {
$callback = $version;
$version = $options = $custom_ctx = undef;
} elsif ( defined $options and ref $options and ref( $options ) eq 'CODE' ) {
$callback = $options;
$options = $custom_ctx = undef;
} elsif ( defined $custom_ctx and ref $custom_ctx and ref( $custom_ctx ) eq 'CODE' ) {
$callback = $custom_ctx;
$custom_ctx = undef;
}
# From IO::Handle POD
# If an error occurs blocking will return undef and $! will be set.
if ( ! defined $socket->blocking( 0 ) ) {
die "Unable to set nonblocking mode on socket: $!";
}
# Now, we create the new socket and bind it to our subclass of Net::SSLeay::Handle
my $newsock = gensym();
tie( *$newsock, 'POE::Component::SSLify::ClientHandle', $socket, $version, $options, $custom_ctx, $callback ) or die "Unable to tie to our subclass: $!";
# argh, store the newsock in the tied class to use for callback
if ( defined $callback ) {
tied( *$newsock )->{'orig_socket'} = $newsock;
weaken( tied( *$newsock )->{'orig_socket'} );
}
# All done!
return $newsock;
}
sub Server_SSLify {
# Get the socket!
my( $socket, $custom_ctx, $callback ) = @_;
# Validation...
if ( ! defined $socket ) {
die "Did not get a defined socket";
}
# If we don't have a ctx ready, we can't do anything...
if ( ! defined $ctx and ! defined $custom_ctx ) {
die 'Please do SSLify_Options() first ( or pass in a $ctx object )';
}
# mangle custom_ctx depending on callback
if ( defined $custom_ctx and ref $custom_ctx and ref( $custom_ctx ) eq 'CODE' ) {
$callback = $custom_ctx;
$custom_ctx = undef;
}
# From IO::Handle POD
# If an error occurs blocking will return undef and $! will be set.
if ( ! defined $socket->blocking( 0 ) ) {
die "Unable to set nonblocking mode on socket: $!";
}
# Now, we create the new socket and bind it to our subclass of Net::SSLeay::Handle
my $newsock = gensym();
tie( *$newsock, 'POE::Component::SSLify::ServerHandle', $socket, ( $custom_ctx || $ctx ), $callback ) or die "Unable to tie to our subclass: $!";
# argh, store the newsock in the tied class to use for connref
if ( defined $callback ) {
tied( *$newsock )->{'orig_socket'} = $newsock;
weaken( tied( *$newsock )->{'orig_socket'} );
}
# All done!
return $newsock;
}
sub SSLify_ContextCreate {
# Get the key + cert + version + options
my( $key, $cert, $version, $options ) = @_;
return _createSSLcontext( $key, $cert, $version, $options );
}
sub SSLify_Options {
# Get the key + cert + version + options
my( $key, $cert, $version, $options ) = @_;
# sanity
if ( ! defined $key or ! defined $cert ) {
die 'no key/cert specified';
}
# Set the default
if ( ! defined $options ) {
$options = Net::SSLeay::OP_ALL();
}
# set the context, possibly overwriting the previous one
if ( defined $ctx ) {
Net::SSLeay::CTX_free( $ctx );
undef $ctx;
}
$ctx = _createSSLcontext( $key, $cert, $version, $options );
# all done!
return 1;
}
sub _createSSLcontext {
my( $key, $cert, $version, $options ) = @_;
my $context;
if ( defined $version and ! ref $version ) {
if ( $version eq 'sslv2' ) {
$context = Net::SSLeay::CTX_v2_new();
} elsif ( $version eq 'sslv3' ) {
$context = Net::SSLeay::CTX_v3_new();
} elsif ( $version eq 'tlsv1' ) {
$context = Net::SSLeay::CTX_tlsv1_new();
} elsif ( $version eq 'sslv23' ) {
$context = Net::SSLeay::CTX_v23_new();
} elsif ( $version eq 'default' ) {
$context = Net::SSLeay::CTX_new();
} else {
die "unknown SSL version: $version";
}
} else {
$context = Net::SSLeay::CTX_new();
}
if ( ! defined $context ) {
die_now( "Failed to create SSL_CTX $!" );
return;
}
# do we need to set options?
if ( defined $options ) {
Net::SSLeay::CTX_set_options( $context, $options );
die_if_ssl_error( 'ssl ctx set options' ) if ! $IGNORE_SSL_ERRORS;
}
# do we need to set key/etc?
if ( defined $key ) {
# Following will ask password unless private key is not encrypted
Net::SSLeay::CTX_use_RSAPrivateKey_file( $context, $key, FILETYPE_PEM );
die_if_ssl_error( 'private key' ) if ! $IGNORE_SSL_ERRORS;
}
# Set the cert file
if ( defined $cert ) {
Net::SSLeay::CTX_use_certificate_chain_file( $context, $cert );
die_if_ssl_error( 'certificate' ) if ! $IGNORE_SSL_ERRORS;
}
# All done!
return $context;
}
sub SSLify_GetCTX {
my $sock = shift;
if ( ! defined $sock ) {
return $ctx;
} else {
return tied( *$sock )->{'ctx'};
}
}
sub SSLify_GetCipher {
my $sock = shift;
return Net::SSLeay::get_cipher( tied( *$sock )->{'ssl'} );
}
sub SSLify_GetSocket {
my $sock = shift;
return tied( *$sock )->{'socket'};
}
sub SSLify_GetSSL {
my $sock = shift;
return tied( *$sock )->{'ssl'};
}
sub SSLify_GetStatus {
my $sock = shift;
return tied( *$sock )->{'status'};
}
1;
__END__
=pod
=for :stopwords Apocalypse cpan testmatrix url annocpan anno bugtracker rt cpants kwalitee
diff irc mailto metadata placeholders
=encoding utf-8
=head1 NAME
POE::Component::SSLify - Makes using SSL in the world of POE easy!
=head1 VERSION
This document describes v1.005 of POE::Component::SSLify - released March 10, 2011 as part of POE-Component-SSLify.
=head1 SYNOPSIS
# CLIENT-side usage
# Import the module
use POE::Component::SSLify qw( Client_SSLify );
# Create a normal SocketFactory wheel and connect to a SSL-enabled server
my $factory = POE::Wheel::SocketFactory->new;
# Time passes, SocketFactory gives you a socket when it connects in SuccessEvent
# Convert the socket into a SSL socket POE can communicate with
my $socket = shift;
eval { $socket = Client_SSLify( $socket ) };
if ( $@ ) {
# Unable to SSLify it...
}
# Now, hand it off to ReadWrite
my $rw = POE::Wheel::ReadWrite->new(
Handle => $socket,
# other options as usual
);
# --------------------------------------------------------------------------- #
# SERVER-side usage
# !!! Make sure you have a public key + certificate
# excellent howto: http://www.akadia.com/services/ssh_test_certificate.html
# Import the module
use POE::Component::SSLify qw( Server_SSLify SSLify_Options );
# Set the key + certificate file
eval { SSLify_Options( 'server.key', 'server.crt' ) };
if ( $@ ) {
# Unable to load key or certificate file...
}
# Create a normal SocketFactory wheel to listen for connections
my $factory = POE::Wheel::SocketFactory->new;
# Time passes, SocketFactory gives you a socket when it gets a connection in SuccessEvent
# Convert the socket into a SSL socket POE can communicate with
my $socket = shift;
eval { $socket = Server_SSLify( $socket ) };
if ( $@ ) {
# Unable to SSLify it...
}
# Now, hand it off to ReadWrite
my $rw = POE::Wheel::ReadWrite->new(
Handle => $socket,
# other options as usual
);
=head1 DESCRIPTION
This component represents the standard way to do SSL in POE.
=head1 FUNCTIONS
=head2 Client_SSLify
This function sslifies a client-side socket. You can pass several options to it:
my $socket = shift;
$socket = Client_SSLify( $socket, $version, $options, $ctx, $callback );
$socket is the non-ssl socket you got from somewhere ( required )
$version is the SSL version you want to use
$options is the SSL options you want to use
$ctx is the custom SSL context you want to use
$callback is the callback hook on success/failure of sslification
# This is an example of the callback and you should pass it as Client_SSLify( $socket, ... , \&callback );
sub callback {
my( $socket, $status, $errval ) = @_;
# $socket is the original sslified socket in case you need to play with it
# $status is either 1 or 0; with 1 signifying success and 0 failure
# $errval will be defined if $status == 0; it's the numeric SSL error code
# check http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_get_error.html for the possible error values ( and import them from Net::SSLeay! )
# The return value from the callback is discarded
}
If $ctx is defined, SSLify will ignore $version and $options. Otherwise, it will be created from the $version and
$options parameters. If all of them are undefined, it will follow the defaults in L</SSLify_ContextCreate>.
BEWARE: If you passed in a CTX, SSLify will do Net::SSLeay::CTX_free( $ctx ) when the
socket is destroyed. This means you cannot reuse contexts!
NOTE: The way to have a client socket with proper certificates set up is:
my $socket = shift; # get the socket from somewhere
my $ctx = SSLify_ContextCreate( 'server.key', 'server.crt' );
$socket = Client_SSLify( $socket, undef, undef, $ctx );
NOTE: You can pass the callback anywhere in the arguments, we'll figure it out for you! If you want to call a POE event, please look
into the postback/callback stuff in L<POE::Session>.
# we got this from POE::Wheel::SocketFactory
sub event_SuccessEvent {
my $socket = $_[ARG0];
$socket = Client_SSLify( $socket, $_[SESSION]->callback( 'sslify_result' ) );
$_[HEAP]->{client} = POE::Wheel::ReadWrite->new(
Handle => $socket,
...
);
return;
}
# the callback event
sub event_sslify_result {
my ($creation_args, $called_args) = @_[ARG0, ARG1];
my( $socket, $status, $errval ) = @$called_args;
if ( $status ) {
print "Yay, SSLification worked!";
} else {
print "Aw, SSLification failed with error $errval";
}
}
=head2 Server_SSLify
This function sslifies a server-side socket. You can pass several options to it:
my $socket = shift;
$socket = Server_SSLify( $socket, $ctx, $callback );
$socket is the non-ssl socket you got from somewhere ( required )
$ctx is the custom SSL context you want to use; overrides the global ctx set in SSLify_Options
$callback is the callback hook on success/failure of sslification
BEWARE: L</SSLify_Options> must be called first if you aren't passing a $ctx. If you want to set some options per-connection, do this:
my $socket = shift; # get the socket from somewhere
my $ctx = SSLify_ContextCreate();
# set various options on $ctx as desired
$socket = Server_SSLify( $socket, $ctx );
NOTE: You can use L</SSLify_GetCTX> to modify the global, and avoid doing this on every connection if the
options are the same...
Please look at L</Client_SSLify> for more details on the callback hook.
=head2 SSLify_ContextCreate
Accepts some options, and returns a brand-new Net::SSLeay context object ( $ctx )
my $ctx = SSLify_ContextCreate( $key, $cert, $version, $options );
$key is the certificate key file
$cert is the certificate file
$version is the SSL version to use
$options is the SSL options to use
You can then call various Net::SSLeay methods on the context
my $mode = Net::SSLeay::CTX_get_mode( $ctx );
By default we don't use the SSL key + certificate files
By default we use the version: default. Known versions of the SSL connection - look at
L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_new.html> for more info.
* sslv2
* sslv3
* tlsv1
* sslv23
* default ( sslv23 )
By default we don't set any options - look at L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_CTX_set_options.html> for more info.
=head2 SSLify_Options
Call this function to initialize the global server-side context object. This will be the default context whenever you call
L</Server_SSLify> without passing a custom context to it.
SSLify_Options( $key, $cert, $version, $options );
$key is the certificate key file ( required )
$cert is the certificate file ( required )
$version is the SSL version to use
$options is the SSL options to use
By default we use the version: default
By default we use the options: Net::SSLeay::OP_ALL
Please look at L</SSLify_ContextCreate> for more info on the available versions/options.
=head2 SSLify_GetCTX
Returns the actual Net::SSLeay context object in case you wanted to play with it :)
If passed in a socket, it will return that socket's $ctx instead of the global.
my $ctx = SSLify_GetCTX(); # get the one set via SSLify_Options
my $ctx = SSLify_GetCTX( $sslified_sock ); # get the one in the object
=head2 SSLify_GetCipher
Returns the cipher used by the SSLified socket
print "SSL Cipher is: " . SSLify_GetCipher( $sslified_sock ) . "\n";
NOTE: Doing this immediately after Client_SSLify or Server_SSLify will result in "(NONE)" because the SSL handshake
is not done yet. The socket is nonblocking, so you will have to wait a little bit for it to get ready.
apoc@blackhole:~/mygit/perl-poe-sslify/examples$ perl serverclient.pl
got connection from: 127.0.0.1 - commencing Server_SSLify()
SSLified: 127.0.0.1 cipher type: ((NONE))
Connected to server, commencing Client_SSLify()
SSLified the connection to the server
Connected to SSL server
Input: hola
got input from: 127.0.0.1 cipher type: (AES256-SHA) input: 'hola'
Got Reply: hola
Input: ^C
stopped at serverclient.pl line 126.
=head2 SSLify_GetSocket
Returns the actual socket used by the SSLified socket, useful for stuff like getpeername()/getsockname()
print "Remote IP is: " . inet_ntoa( ( unpack_sockaddr_in( getpeername( SSLify_GetSocket( $sslified_sock ) ) ) )[1] ) . "\n";
=head2 SSLify_GetSSL
Returns the actual Net::SSLeay object so you can call methods on it
print Net::SSLeay::dump_peer_certificate( SSLify_GetSSL( $sslified_sock ) );
=head2 SSLify_GetStatus
Returns the status of the SSL negotiation/handshake/connection. See L<http://www.openssl.org/docs/ssl/SSL_connect.html#RETURN_VALUES>
for more info.
my $status = SSLify_GetStatus( $socket );
-1 = still in negotiation stage ( or error )
0 = internal SSL error, connection will be dead
1 = negotiation successful
=head1 NOTES
=head2 Socket methods doesn't work
The new socket this module gives you actually is tied socket magic, so you cannot do stuff like
getpeername() or getsockname(). The only way to do it is to use L</SSLify_GetSocket> and then operate on
the socket it returns.
=head2 Dying everywhere...
This module will die() if Net::SSLeay could not be loaded or it is not the version we want. So, it is recommended
that you check for errors and not use SSL, like so:
eval { use POE::Component::SSLify };
if ( $@ ) {
$sslavailable = 0;
} else {
$sslavailable = 1;
}
# Make socket SSL!
if ( $sslavailable ) {
eval { $socket = POE::Component::SSLify::Client_SSLify( $socket ) };
if ( $@ ) {
# Unable to SSLify the socket...
}
}
=head3 $IGNORE_SSL_ERRORS
As of SSLify v1.003 you can override this variable to temporarily ignore some SSL errors. This is useful if you are doing crazy things
with the underlying Net::SSLeay stuff and don't want to die. However, it won't ignore all errors as some is still considered fatal.
Here's an example:
{
local $POE::Component::SSLify::IGNORE_SSL_ERRORS=1;
my $ctx = SSLify_CreateContext(...);
#Some more stuff
}
=head2 OpenSSL functions
Theoretically you can do anything that Net::SSLeay exports from the OpenSSL libs on the socket. However, I have not tested every
possible function against SSLify, so use them carefully!
=head3 Net::SSLeay::renegotiate
This function has been tested ( it's in C<t/2_renegotiate.t> ) but it doesn't work on FreeBSD! I tracked it down to this security advisory:
L<http://security.freebsd.org/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-09:15.ssl.asc> which explains it in detail. The test will skip this function
if it detects that you're on a broken system. However, if you have the updated OpenSSL library that fixes this you can use it.
NOTE: Calling this means the callback function you passed in L</Client_SSLify> or L</Server_SSLify> will not fire! If you need this
please let me know and we can come up with a way to make it work.
=head2 Upgrading a non-ssl socket to SSL
You can have a normal plaintext socket, and convert it to SSL anytime. Just keep in mind that the client and the server must agree to sslify
at the same time, or they will be waiting on each other forever! See C<t/3_upgrade.t> for an example of how this works.
=head2 Downgrading a SSL socket to non-ssl
As of now this is unsupported. If you need this feature please let us know and we'll work on it together!
=head2 MSWin32 is not supported
This module doesn't work on MSWin32 platforms at all ( XP, Vista, 7, etc ) because of some weird underlying fd issues. Since I'm not a windows
developer, I'm unable to fix this. However, it seems like Cygwin on MSWin32 works just fine! Please help me fix this if you can, thanks!
=head1 EXPORT
Stuffs all of the functions in @EXPORT_OK so you have to request them directly.
=head1 SEE ALSO
Please see those modules/websites for more information related to this module.
=over 4
=item *
L<POE|POE>
=item *
L<Net::SSLeay|Net::SSLeay>
=back
=head1 SUPPORT
=head2 Perldoc
You can find documentation for this module with the perldoc command.
perldoc POE::Component::SSLify
=head2 Websites
The following websites have more information about this module, and may be of help to you. As always,
in addition to those websites please use your favorite search engine to discover more resources.
=over 4
=item *
Search CPAN
L<http://search.cpan.org/dist/POE-Component-SSLify>
=item *
RT: CPAN's Bug Tracker
L<http://rt.cpan.org/NoAuth/Bugs.html?Dist=POE-Component-SSLify>
=item *
AnnoCPAN: Annotated CPAN documentation
L<http://annocpan.org/dist/POE-Component-SSLify>
=item *
CPAN Ratings
L<http://cpanratings.perl.org/d/POE-Component-SSLify>
=item *
CPAN Forum
L<http://cpanforum.com/dist/POE-Component-SSLify>
=item *
CPANTS Kwalitee
L<http://cpants.perl.org/dist/overview/POE-Component-SSLify>
=item *
CPAN Testers Results
L<http://cpantesters.org/distro/P/POE-Component-SSLify.html>
=item *
CPAN Testers Matrix
L<http://matrix.cpantesters.org/?dist=POE-Component-SSLify>
=back
=head2 Email
You can email the author of this module at C<APOCAL at cpan.org> asking for help with any problems you have.
=head2 Internet Relay Chat
You can get live help by using IRC ( Internet Relay Chat ). If you don't know what IRC is,
please read this excellent guide: L<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Relay_Chat>. Please
be courteous and patient when talking to us, as we might be busy or sleeping! You can join
those networks/channels and get help:
=over 4
=item *
irc.perl.org
You can connect to the server at 'irc.perl.org' and join this channel: #perl-help then talk to this person for help: Apocalypse.
=item *
irc.freenode.net
You can connect to the server at 'irc.freenode.net' and join this channel: #perl then talk to this person for help: Apocal.
=item *
irc.efnet.org
You can connect to the server at 'irc.efnet.org' and join this channel: #perl then talk to this person for help: Ap0cal.
=back
=head2 Bugs / Feature Requests
Please report any bugs or feature requests by email to C<bug-poe-component-sslify at rt.cpan.org>, or through
the web interface at L<http://rt.cpan.org/NoAuth/ReportBug.html?Queue=POE-Component-SSLify>. You will be automatically notified of any
progress on the request by the system.
=head2 Source Code
The code is open to the world, and available for you to hack on. Please feel free to browse it and play
with it, or whatever. If you want to contribute patches, please send me a diff or prod me to pull
from your repository :)
L<http://github.com/apocalypse/perl-poe-sslify>
git clone git://github.com/apocalypse/perl-poe-sslify.git
=head1 AUTHOR
Apocalypse <APOCAL@cpan.org>
=head1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Original code is entirely Rocco Caputo ( Creator of POE ) -> I simply
packaged up the code into something everyone could use and accepted the burden
of maintaining it :)
From the PoCo::Client::HTTP code =]
# This code should probably become a POE::Kernel method,
# seeing as it's rather baroque and potentially useful in a number
# of places.
ASCENT also helped a lot with the nonblocking mode, without his hard work this
module would still be stuck in the stone age :)
A lot of people helped add various features/functions - please look at the changelog for more detail.
=head1 COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
This software is copyright (c) 2011 by Apocalypse.
This is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
the same terms as the Perl 5 programming language system itself.
The full text of the license can be found in the LICENSE file included with this distribution.
=head1 DISCLAIMER OF WARRANTY
BECAUSE THIS SOFTWARE IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO WARRANTY
FOR THE SOFTWARE, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT
WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER
PARTIES PROVIDE THE SOFTWARE "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE
SOFTWARE IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE SOFTWARE PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME
THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR, OR CORRECTION.
IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING
WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY AND/OR
REDISTRIBUTE THE SOFTWARE AS PERMITTED BY THE ABOVE LICENCE, BE LIABLE
TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, OR
CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE
SOFTWARE (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING
RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A
FAILURE OF THE SOFTWARE TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER SOFTWARE), EVEN IF
SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH
DAMAGES.
=cut