# Copyright (c) The Johns Hopkins University/Applied Physics Laboratory
# All Rights Reserved.
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may
# not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain
# a copy of the License at
#
# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT
# WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the
# License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations
# under the License.
"""
Key manager implementation for Barbican
"""
import calendar
import time
from cryptography.hazmat import backends
from cryptography.hazmat.primitives import serialization
from cryptography import x509 as cryptography_x509
from keystoneauth1 import identity
from keystoneauth1 import loading
from keystoneauth1 import session
from oslo_config import cfg
from oslo_log import log as logging
from oslo_utils import excutils
from castellan.common import exception
from castellan.common.objects import key as key_base_class
from castellan.common.objects import opaque_data as op_data
from castellan.common.objects import passphrase
from castellan.common.objects import private_key as pri_key
from castellan.common.objects import public_key as pub_key
from castellan.common.objects import symmetric_key as sym_key
from castellan.common.objects import x_509
from castellan.i18n import _
from castellan.key_manager import key_manager
from barbicanclient import client as barbican_client
from barbicanclient import exceptions as barbican_exceptions
from oslo_utils import timeutils
from six.moves import urllib
barbican_opts = [
cfg.StrOpt('barbican_endpoint',
help='Use this endpoint to connect to Barbican, for example: '
'"http://localhost:9311/"'),
cfg.StrOpt('barbican_api_version',
help='Version of the Barbican API, for example: "v1"'),
cfg.StrOpt('auth_endpoint',
default='http://localhost/identity/v3',
help='Use this endpoint to connect to Keystone'),
cfg.IntOpt('retry_delay',
default=1,
help='Number of seconds to wait before retrying poll for key '
'creation completion'),
cfg.IntOpt('number_of_retries',
default=60,
help='Number of times to retry poll for key creation '
'completion'),
cfg.BoolOpt('verify_ssl',
default=True,
help='Specifies if insecure TLS (https) requests. If False, '
'the server\'s certificate will not be validated'),
]
BARBICAN_OPT_GROUP = 'barbican'
LOG = logging.getLogger(__name__)
class BarbicanKeyManager(key_manager.KeyManager):
"""Key Manager Interface that wraps the Barbican client API."""
_secret_type_dict = {
op_data.OpaqueData: 'opaque',
passphrase.Passphrase: 'passphrase',
pri_key.PrivateKey: 'private',
pub_key.PublicKey: 'public',
sym_key.SymmetricKey: 'symmetric',
x_509.X509: 'certificate'}
def __init__(self, configuration):
self._barbican_client = None
self._base_url = None
self.conf = configuration
self.conf.register_opts(barbican_opts, group=BARBICAN_OPT_GROUP)
loading.register_session_conf_options(self.conf, BARBICAN_OPT_GROUP)
def _get_barbican_client(self, context):
"""Creates a client to connect to the Barbican service.
:param context: the user context for authentication
:return: a Barbican Client object
:raises Forbidden: if the context is None
:raises KeyManagerError: if context is missing tenant or tenant is
None or error occurs while creating client
"""
# Confirm context is provided, if not raise forbidden
if not context:
msg = _("User is not authorized to use key manager.")
LOG.error(msg)
raise exception.Forbidden(msg)
if self._barbican_client and self._current_context == context:
return self._barbican_client
try:
auth = self._get_keystone_auth(context)
sess = session.Session(auth=auth,
verify=self.conf.barbican.verify_ssl)
self._barbican_endpoint = self._get_barbican_endpoint(auth, sess)
self._barbican_client = barbican_client.Client(
session=sess,
endpoint=self._barbican_endpoint)
self._current_context = context
except Exception as e:
LOG.error("Error creating Barbican client: %s", e)
raise exception.KeyManagerError(reason=e)
self._base_url = self._create_base_url(auth,
sess,
self._barbican_endpoint)
return self._barbican_client
def _get_keystone_auth(self, context):
auth_url = self.conf.barbican.auth_endpoint
if context.__class__.__name__ is 'KeystonePassword':
return identity.Password(
auth_url=auth_url,
username=context.username,
password=context.password,
user_id=context.user_id,
user_domain_id=context.user_domain_id,
user_domain_name=context.user_domain_name,
trust_id=context.trust_id,
domain_id=context.domain_id,
domain_name=context.domain_name,
project_id=context.project_id,
project_name=context.project_name,
project_domain_id=context.project_domain_id,
project_domain_name=context.project_domain_name,
reauthenticate=context.reauthenticate)
elif context.__class__.__name__ is 'KeystoneToken':
return identity.Token(
auth_url=auth_url,
token=context.token,
trust_id=context.trust_id,
domain_id=context.domain_id,
domain_name=context.domain_name,
project_id=context.project_id,
project_name=context.project_name,
project_domain_id=context.project_domain_id,
project_domain_name=context.project_domain_name,
reauthenticate=context.reauthenticate)
# this will be kept for oslo.context compatibility until
# projects begin to use utils.credential_factory
elif context.__class__.__name__ is 'RequestContext':
return identity.Token(
auth_url=auth_url,
token=context.auth_token,
project_id=context.tenant)
else:
msg = _("context must be of type KeystonePassword, "
"KeystoneToken, or RequestContext.")
LOG.error(msg)
raise exception.Forbidden(reason=msg)
def _get_barbican_endpoint(self, auth, sess):
if self.conf.barbican.barbican_endpoint:
return self.conf.barbican.barbican_endpoint
else:
service_parameters = {'service_type': 'key-manager',
'service_name': 'barbican',
'interface': 'public'}
return auth.get_endpoint(sess, **service_parameters)
def _create_base_url(self, auth, sess, endpoint):
if self.conf.barbican.barbican_api_version:
api_version = self.conf.barbican.barbican_api_version
else:
discovery = auth.get_discovery(sess, url=endpoint)
raw_data = discovery.raw_version_data()
if len(raw_data) == 0:
msg = _(
"Could not find discovery information for %s") % endpoint
LOG.error(msg)
raise exception.KeyManagerError(reason=msg)
latest_version = raw_data[-1]
api_version = latest_version.get('id')
base_url = urllib.parse.urljoin(
endpoint, api_version)
return base_url
def create_key(self, context, algorithm, length,
expiration=None, name=None):
"""Creates a symmetric key.
:param context: contains information of the user and the environment
for the request (castellan/context.py)
:param algorithm: the algorithm associated with the secret
:param length: the bit length of the secret
:param name: the name of the key
:param expiration: the date the key will expire
:return: the UUID of the new key
:raises KeyManagerError: if key creation fails
"""
barbican_client = self._get_barbican_client(context)
try:
key_order = barbican_client.orders.create_key(
name=name,
algorithm=algorithm,
bit_length=length,
expiration=expiration)
order_ref = key_order.submit()
order = self._get_active_order(barbican_client, order_ref)
return self._retrieve_secret_uuid(order.secret_ref)
except (barbican_exceptions.HTTPAuthError,
barbican_exceptions.HTTPClientError,
barbican_exceptions.HTTPServerError) as e:
LOG.error("Error creating key: %s", e)
raise exception.KeyManagerError(reason=e)
def create_key_pair(self, context, algorithm, length,
expiration=None, name=None):
"""Creates an asymmetric key pair.
:param context: contains information of the user and the environment
for the request (castellan/context.py)
:param algorithm: the algorithm associated with the secret
:param length: the bit length of the secret
:param name: the name of the key
:param expiration: the date the key will expire
:return: the UUIDs of the new key, in the order (private, public)
:raises NotImplementedError: until implemented
:raises KeyManagerError: if key pair creation fails
"""
barbican_client = self._get_barbican_client(context)
try:
key_pair_order = barbican_client.orders.create_asymmetric(
algorithm=algorithm,
bit_length=length,
name=name,
expiration=expiration)
order_ref = key_pair_order.submit()
order = self._get_active_order(barbican_client, order_ref)
container = barbican_client.containers.get(order.container_ref)
private_key_uuid = self._retrieve_secret_uuid(
container.secret_refs['private_key'])
public_key_uuid = self._retrieve_secret_uuid(
container.secret_refs['public_key'])
return private_key_uuid, public_key_uuid
except (barbican_exceptions.HTTPAuthError,
barbican_exceptions.HTTPClientError,
barbican_exceptions.HTTPServerError) as e:
LOG.error("Error creating key pair: %s", e)
raise exception.KeyManagerError(reason=e)
def _get_barbican_object(self, barbican_client, managed_object):
"""Converts the Castellan managed_object to a Barbican secret."""
name = getattr(managed_object, 'name', None)
try:
algorithm = managed_object.algorithm
bit_length = managed_object.bit_length
except AttributeError:
algorithm = None
bit_length = None
secret_type = self._secret_type_dict.get(type(managed_object),
'opaque')
payload = self._get_normalized_payload(managed_object.get_encoded(),
secret_type)
secret = barbican_client.secrets.create(payload=payload,
algorithm=algorithm,
bit_length=bit_length,
name=name,
secret_type=secret_type)
return secret
def _get_normalized_payload(self, encoded_bytes, secret_type):
"""Normalizes the bytes of the object.
Barbican expects certificates, public keys, and private keys in PEM
format, but Castellan expects these objects to be DER encoded bytes
instead.
"""
if secret_type == 'public':
key = serialization.load_der_public_key(
encoded_bytes,
backend=backends.default_backend())
return key.public_bytes(
encoding=serialization.Encoding.PEM,
format=serialization.PublicFormat.SubjectPublicKeyInfo)
elif secret_type == 'private':
key = serialization.load_der_private_key(
encoded_bytes,
backend=backends.default_backend(),
password=None)
return key.private_bytes(
encoding=serialization.Encoding.PEM,
format=serialization.PrivateFormat.PKCS8,
encryption_algorithm=serialization.NoEncryption())
elif secret_type == 'certificate':
cert = cryptography_x509.load_der_x509_certificate(
encoded_bytes,
backend=backends.default_backend())
return cert.public_bytes(encoding=serialization.Encoding.PEM)
else:
return encoded_bytes
def store(self, context, managed_object, expiration=None):
"""Stores (i.e., registers) an object with the key manager.
:param context: contains information of the user and the environment
for the request (castellan/context.py)
:param managed_object: a secret object with unencrypted payload.
Known as "secret" to the barbicanclient api
:param expiration: the expiration time of the secret in ISO 8601
format
:returns: the UUID of the stored object
:raises KeyManagerError: if object store fails
"""
barbican_client = self._get_barbican_client(context)
try:
secret = self._get_barbican_object(barbican_client,
managed_object)
secret.expiration = expiration
secret_ref = secret.store()
return self._retrieve_secret_uuid(secret_ref)
except (barbican_exceptions.HTTPAuthError,
barbican_exceptions.HTTPClientError,
barbican_exceptions.HTTPServerError) as e:
LOG.error("Error storing object: %s", e)
raise exception.KeyManagerError(reason=e)
def _create_secret_ref(self, object_id):
"""Creates the URL required for accessing a secret.
:param object_id: the UUID of the key to copy
:return: the URL of the requested secret
"""
if not object_id:
msg = _("Key ID is None")
raise exception.KeyManagerError(reason=msg)
base_url = self._base_url
if base_url[-1] != '/':
base_url += '/'
return urllib.parse.urljoin(base_url, "secrets/" + object_id)
def _get_active_order(self, barbican_client, order_ref):
"""Returns the order when it is active.
Barbican key creation is done asynchronously, so this loop continues
checking until the order is active or a timeout occurs.
"""
active_status = u'ACTIVE'
error_status = u'ERROR'
number_of_retries = self.conf.barbican.number_of_retries
retry_delay = self.conf.barbican.retry_delay
order = barbican_client.orders.get(order_ref)
time.sleep(.25)
for n in range(number_of_retries):
if order.status == error_status:
kwargs = {"status": error_status,
"code": order.error_status_code,
"reason": order.error_reason}
msg = _("Order is in %(status)s status - status code: "
"%(code)s, status reason: %(reason)s") % kwargs
LOG.error(msg)
raise exception.KeyManagerError(reason=msg)
if order.status != active_status:
kwargs = {'attempt': n,
'total': number_of_retries,
'status': order.status,
'active': active_status,
'delay': retry_delay}
msg = _("Retry attempt #%(attempt)i out of %(total)i: "
"Order status is '%(status)s'. Waiting for "
"'%(active)s', will retry in %(delay)s "
"seconds")
LOG.info(msg, kwargs)
time.sleep(retry_delay)
order = barbican_client.orders.get(order_ref)
else:
return order
msg = _("Exceeded retries: Failed to find '%(active)s' status "
"within %(num_retries)i retries") % {
'active': active_status,
'num_retries': number_of_retries}
LOG.error(msg)
raise exception.KeyManagerError(reason=msg)
def _retrieve_secret_uuid(self, secret_ref):
"""Retrieves the UUID of the secret from the secret_ref.
:param secret_ref: the href of the secret
:return: the UUID of the secret
"""
# The secret_ref is assumed to be of a form similar to
# http://host:9311/v1/secrets/d152fa13-2b41-42ca-a934-6c21566c0f40
# with the UUID at the end. This command retrieves everything
# after the last '/', which is the UUID.
return secret_ref.rpartition('/')[2]
def _get_secret_data(self, secret):
"""Retrieves the secret data.
Converts the Barbican secret to bytes suitable for a Castellan object.
If the secret is a public key, private key, or certificate, the secret
is expected to be in PEM format and will be converted to DER.
:param secret: the secret from barbican with the payload of data
:returns: the secret data
"""
if secret.secret_type == 'public':
key = serialization.load_pem_public_key(
secret.payload,
backend=backends.default_backend())
return key.public_bytes(
encoding=serialization.Encoding.DER,
format=serialization.PublicFormat.SubjectPublicKeyInfo)
elif secret.secret_type == 'private':
key = serialization.load_pem_private_key(
secret.payload,
backend=backends.default_backend(),
password=None)
return key.private_bytes(
encoding=serialization.Encoding.DER,
format=serialization.PrivateFormat.PKCS8,
encryption_algorithm=serialization.NoEncryption())
elif secret.secret_type == 'certificate':
cert = cryptography_x509.load_pem_x509_certificate(
secret.payload,
backend=backends.default_backend())
return cert.public_bytes(encoding=serialization.Encoding.DER)
else:
return secret.payload
def _get_castellan_object(self, secret, metadata_only=False):
"""Creates a Castellan managed object given the Barbican secret.
The python barbicanclient lazy-loads the secret data, i.e. the secret
data is not requested until secret.payload is called. If the user
specifies metadata_only=True, secret.payload is never called,
preventing unnecessary loading of secret data.
:param secret: the barbican secret object
:metadata_only: boolean indicating if the secret bytes should be
included in the managed object
:returns: the castellan object
"""
secret_type = op_data.OpaqueData
for castellan_type, barbican_type in self._secret_type_dict.items():
if barbican_type == secret.secret_type:
secret_type = castellan_type
if metadata_only:
secret_data = None
else:
secret_data = self._get_secret_data(secret)
# convert created ISO8601 in Barbican to POSIX
if secret.created:
time_stamp = timeutils.parse_isotime(
str(secret.created)).timetuple()
created = calendar.timegm(time_stamp)
if issubclass(secret_type, key_base_class.Key):
return secret_type(secret.algorithm,
secret.bit_length,
secret_data,
secret.name,
created)
else:
return secret_type(secret_data,
secret.name,
created)
def _get_secret(self, context, object_id):
"""Returns the metadata of the secret.
:param context: contains information of the user and the environment
for the request (castellan/context.py)
:param object_id: UUID of the secret
:return: the secret's metadata
:raises HTTPAuthError: if object retrieval fails with 401
:raises HTTPClientError: if object retrieval fails with 4xx
:raises HTTPServerError: if object retrieval fails with 5xx
"""
barbican_client = self._get_barbican_client(context)
try:
secret_ref = self._create_secret_ref(object_id)
return barbican_client.secrets.get(secret_ref)
except (barbican_exceptions.HTTPAuthError,
barbican_exceptions.HTTPClientError,
barbican_exceptions.HTTPServerError) as e:
with excutils.save_and_reraise_exception():
LOG.error("Error getting secret metadata: %s", e)
def _is_secret_not_found_error(self, error):
if (isinstance(error, barbican_exceptions.HTTPClientError) and
error.status_code == 404):
return True
else:
return False
def get(self, context, managed_object_id, metadata_only=False):
"""Retrieves the specified managed object.
:param context: contains information of the user and the environment
for the request (castellan/context.py)
:param managed_object_id: the UUID of the object to retrieve
:param metadata_only: whether secret data should be included
:return: ManagedObject representation of the managed object
:raises KeyManagerError: if object retrieval fails
:raises ManagedObjectNotFoundError: if object not found
"""
try:
secret = self._get_secret(context, managed_object_id)
return self._get_castellan_object(secret, metadata_only)
except (barbican_exceptions.HTTPAuthError,
barbican_exceptions.HTTPClientError,
barbican_exceptions.HTTPServerError) as e:
LOG.error("Error retrieving object: %s", e)
if self._is_secret_not_found_error(e):
raise exception.ManagedObjectNotFoundError(
uuid=managed_object_id)
else:
raise exception.KeyManagerError(reason=e)
def delete(self, context, managed_object_id):
"""Deletes the specified managed object.
:param context: contains information of the user and the environment
for the request (castellan/context.py)
:param managed_object_id: the UUID of the object to delete
:raises KeyManagerError: if object deletion fails
:raises ManagedObjectNotFoundError: if the object could not be found
"""
barbican_client = self._get_barbican_client(context)
try:
secret_ref = self._create_secret_ref(managed_object_id)
barbican_client.secrets.delete(secret_ref)
except (barbican_exceptions.HTTPAuthError,
barbican_exceptions.HTTPClientError,
barbican_exceptions.HTTPServerError) as e:
LOG.error("Error deleting object: %s", e)
if self._is_secret_not_found_error(e):
raise exception.ManagedObjectNotFoundError(
uuid=managed_object_id)
else:
raise exception.KeyManagerError(reason=e)
def list(self, context, object_type=None, metadata_only=False):
"""Retrieves a list of managed objects that match the criteria.
If no search criteria is given, all objects are returned.
:param context: contains information of the user and the environment
for the request (castellan/context.py)
:param object_type: the type of object to retrieve
:param metadata_only: whether secret data should be included
:raises KeyManagerError: if listing secrets fails
"""
objects = []
barbican_client = self._get_barbican_client(context)
if object_type and object_type not in self._secret_type_dict:
msg = _("Invalid secret type: %s") % object_type
LOG.error(msg)
raise exception.KeyManagerError(reason=msg)
secret_type = self._secret_type_dict.get(object_type)
try:
secrets = barbican_client.secrets.list(secret_type=secret_type)
except (barbican_exceptions.HTTPAuthError,
barbican_exceptions.HTTPClientError,
barbican_exceptions.HTTPServerError) as e:
LOG.error(_("Error listing objects: %s"), e)
raise exception.KeyManagerError(reason=e)
for secret in secrets:
try:
obj = self._get_castellan_object(secret, metadata_only)
objects.append(obj)
except (barbican_exceptions.HTTPAuthError,
barbican_exceptions.HTTPClientError,
barbican_exceptions.HTTPServerError) as e:
LOG.warn(_("Error occurred while retrieving object metadata,"
" not adding it to the list: %s"), e)
return objects