#############################################################################
# Aspell phonetics for Irish, by Kevin Scannell <scannell@slu.edu>
# Copyright 2002, 2003 Kevin P. Scannell
#
# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
# the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
# (at your option) any later version.
#
# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
# GNU General Public License for more details.
#
# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
# along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
# Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
#############################################################################
version 2.0
followup 0 # else breaks QU^, e.g.
collapse_result 1 # no double letters in resulting strings
ANBHANN----- *N* # epenthetic vowel, anbhanna? only, see NBH--
ANBHAIN----- *N* # epenthetic vowel, anbhainne? only, see NBH--
AERGA-- *R # epenthetic exception, see RG, aerga only
AORG- *R # epenthetic exception, see RG, [ms]aorg*, etc.
AEILG- *L # epenthetic exception, Gaeilge* only, see LG
AILBH-- *L* # epenthetic vowel, [bcs]ailbh* only, see LBH--
ALBHÁD---- *L # galbhád only, next few are exceptions to ALBH
ALBHÁID----- *L # galbháid only (coinnealbháidís, etc. b4)
ALBHR--- *L # pobalbhreith, galbhruith, etc. except. to next
ALBH-- *L* # epenthetic vowel
ARBHÁD---- *R # mótarbhád only, exception to ARBH epenth.
ARBHÁID----- *R # mótarbháid only, " " " "
ARBHUIL----- *R # epenth. exception, garbhuille only, cuarbh* b4
ARBHUA---- *R # epenth. exception, eadarbhuas* only
ARBHIN---- *R* # exception to next, marbhintinn* only
ARBH(EI)--- *R # epenthetic exception to next, *tarbhealach, etc.
ARBH-- *R* # epenthetic, garbh, dearbh, etc. - [IU]ARBH b4
ATHFH(ÁÉÓAEIOU)--- *H # athfhill,uathfheidhmeach,etc.-exception to next
ATH(BCDFGLMNPRST)- * # athlas, mionathrú, etc. - exception to TH->H
ADH * # bladhm, feadhain, tadhall, adhmad, -adh$, etc.
AGHI--- * # exception to AGH, corraghiob only
AGHLOIN------ * # " " ", pleicseaghl- only (not aghloit)
AGH * # slaghdán, treaghd, saghas, etc.
AOMH(FLNST)--- * # faomh[ft]-,caomhn*,naomh* only, OMH exception
A *
ÁIRG- *R # epenthetic exception, see RG, táirg*, etc.
ÁDHU--- * # pádhuille only, exception to next
ÁDH * # ádhúil, -ádh$ only
ÁTHFH-- *H # táthfhéithleann, gnáthfh- only exception to next
ÁTH(BCDFGLMNPRST)- * # fáthscéal, gnáth*, bláthfhleasc, etc.
Á *
BANBH^$ B*N*V # epenthetic vowel, see NBH--, banbh, not -arún
BHANBH^$ V*N*V # epenthetic vowel, see NBH--
BAINBH^$ B*N*V # epenthetic vowel, see NBH--, bainbh only
BHAINBH^$ V*N*V # epenthetic vowel, see NBH--
BH V # includes bh$, eclipsis of F via collapsing
B B # note eclipsis of P via collapsing
CHÉADFAÍ--$ K*TV # exception to FAÍ$, (bréag|do|mí)
CHEARCH-- K*R* # epenthetic vowel, chearchaill only
CEARCH-- K*R* # epenthetic vowel, g?cearchaill only
CHONF K*N*V # epenthetic vowel,no dash=>handles FAI?DH$excepts
CONF K*N*V # " " " " " " "
CANBH-- K*N* # epenthetic vowel, see NBH--, g?canbhás* only
CHANBH-- K*N* # epenthetic vowel, see NBH--, chanbhás* only
COLBHA--- K*L* # epenthetic vowel, see LBH--, g?colbhaí? only
CHOLBHA--- K*L* # epenthetic vowel, see LBH--, cholbhaí? only
CURF K*RV # exception to FÁ$, g?curfá(nna) only
CHURF K*RV # exception to FÁ$, churfá(nna) only
CH K # OK
C K
DHORCH-- K*R* # epenthetic vowel, dorcha root only
DORCH-- T*R* # epenthetic vowel, dorcha root only
DHEARF Y*R* # epenthetic vowel,init only, no dash=>FAÍ except
DEARF T*R* # epenthetic vowel,initial only (nd- done b4)
DHEIRF- Y*R* # epenthetic vowel, initial only
DEIRF- T*R* # epenthetic vowel, (leas)?deirf* only
DHOIL(BF)- K*L* # epenthetic,see LBH--,initial only,dhoil(fe|bh)*
DOIL(BF)- T*L* # epenthetic, see LBH--, " " (nd- done b4)
DHIFEAR Y*V*R # exception to FEAR$, ^dhifear$ only
DIFEAR T*V*R # exception to FEAR$, ^difear$ only (nd- b4)
DH$ _ # [aáu]dh+most [io]dh done b4,[eéíóú]dh done here
DH(AÁOÓUÚ)- K # athdhúchas, buídhonn, comhdháil, etc.
DH(EÉIÍ)- Y # athdhéan, caordhearg, cinedheighilt, etc.
DHL(AUÚ)-- K # comhdhlúthaigh, ^dhl- only
DHL(EIÍ)-- Y # (mí|neamh)dhl(istean|eath|íthiú), ^dhl only
DHR(AÁOÓUÚ)-- K # *dhroim,marbhdhra*,*dhr[áu]ma, ^dhr only
DHR(ÉEIÍ)-- Y # *dhreach,feirdhris,*dhréacht,*dhreasacht,^dhr
D T # note eclipsis of T via collapsing
EAFAR--$ *V # geafar, meafar only, FAR$ exception
EOFAR--$ * # silent verb ending, exception to OFAR$ except!
EILBH-- *L* # epenthetic vowel, see LBH-- exception below
EIDH(EI)- * # augments IDH rule,eidheann,teidheach,meidhir,etc
EOMH(FT)--- * # leomh[ft]- only, exception to -omh rule
E *
ÉARBH-- *R # epenthetic exception, géarbh- only
ÉARM- *R # epenthetic exception, éarmh+ téarma root only
ÉARG- *R # epenthetic exception, éargh+(lán)?léargas only
ÉIRG- *R # epenthetic exception, éirgh+ ailléirge only
ÉIRBH-- *R # epenthetic except. léirbhreith*, spéirbhean only
ÉALBH-- *L # béalbhach only, exception to ALBH
ÉAFÁ *V* # éafá only, exception to FÁ$
É *
FHAIRCH-- *R* # epenthetic vowel, fhairch* only
FAIRCH-- V*R* # epenthetic vowel, (bh)?fairch* only
FHOIRF- *R* # epenthetic vowel, foirfe root only
FOIRF- V*R* # epenthetic vowel, initial (bh)?foirf* only
FHONNMH-- *N* # epenthetic vowel, see NMH--, fhonnmhai?r* only
FONNMH-- V*N* # " " " ", (bh)?fonnmhai?r* only
FHOILMH-- *L* # epenthetic vowel, see LMH--, fhoilmhe only
FOILMH-- V*L* # epenthetic vowel, see LMH--, (bh)?foilmhe only
FHOLMH-- *L* # epenthetic vowel, see LMH--, fholmh* only
FOLMH-- V*L* # epenthetic vowel, see LMH--, (bh)?folmh* only
FEADH^$ V* # exception to verb ending below, eclipsis by luck
FEAR^$ V*R # " " " " " " " "
FINN^$ V*N # " " " " " " " "
FEÁ^$ V* # " " " " " " " "
FAÍ^$ V* # " " " " " " " "
FÍ^$ V* # " " " " " " " "
FAIDH----$ _ # silent 'f' in verb ending
FADH---$ _ # " " " " "
FIDH---$ _ # " " " " "
FEADH----$ _ # " " " " "
FEAR---$ _ # " " " " "
FAR--$ _ # " " " " "
FINN---$ _ # " " " " "
FAINN----$ _ # " " " " "
FÁ-$ _ # " " " " "
FEÁ--$ _ # " " " " "
FAÍ--$ _ # " " " " "
FÍ-$ _ # " " " " "
FAIMI(DS)-----$ _ # " " " " " (no exceptions)
FIMI(DS)----$ _ # " " " " " (no exceptions)
FAIDÍS-----$ _ # " " " " " (no exceptions)
FIDÍS----$ _ # " " " " " (no exceptions)
FH _ # always silent
F V
GHAINMH-- K*N* # epenthetic vowel,see NMH--,^ghainmh* only
GAINMH-- K*N* # epenthetic vowel,see NMH--,^gainmh* only, ng- b4
GHEALLMH-- Y*L* # epenthetic vowel,see LMH--,gheallmhar only
GEALLMH-- K*L* # epenthetic vowel,see LMH--,geallmhar only
GLAFADH KL*V* # exception to FADH$, not glafarnach
GHLAFADH KL*V* # exception to FADH$
GLAFAIDH KL*V* # exception to FAIDH$, not glafaire
GHLAFAIDH KL*V* # exception to FAIDH$
GH$ _ # [aióu]gh,most ogh done b4,[eáéíú]gh all terminal
GH(AÁOÓUÚ)- K # bobghaiste, deoirghás, soghonta, etc.
GH(EÉIÍ)- Y # athghin, luasghéaraigh, etc.
GHL(AÁOÓUÚ)-- K # ardghlórach, folúsghlantóir, etc.
GHL(EÉI)-- Y # comhghléas, comhghleacaí, scoiltghleann, etc.
GHR(AÁOÓUÚ)-- K # tírghrá, grianghraf, aoisghrúpa, etc.
GHR(EÉIÍ)-- Y # idirghréasán, breithghreamannach, etc.
GHN(AÁOÓUÚ)-- K # deasghnáth, neamhghnách, etc.
GHN(EÉIÍ)-- Y # leorgníomh, aonghnéitheach, etc.
G K # note eclipsis of C via collapsing
H H # between vowels+Faranhaít,forhalla,etc.
IARG- *R # epenthetic exception, iargúil, tiargáil, etc.
IARBH-- *R # iarbháis, giarbhosca, etc. epenth. exception
IDIRBH-- *T*R # idirbheart, idirbhliain, etc., exception to IRBH
IRBHRÚ---- *R # muirbhrúcht* only, exception to IRBH--
IRBHU--- *R # eochairbhuille,litirbhuama only, except. to next
IRBH-- *R* # *seirbhís, tairbh*, toirbh*, etc. epenthetic
IFÍ-$ *V # exception to FÍ$, ÉIFÍ$ done before
INMHE(AÁ)---- *N # exception to next,ainmheasartha,inmheabhrú, etc.
INMHE--- *N* # epenthetic vowel, inmhe$ only by previous
INNMH-- *N* # epenthetic vowel, fuinnmh-, coinnmhe only
IONMHAG---- *N # exception to next, mionmhagadh only
IONMHA--- *N* # epenthetic vowel, cionmhar only, see NMH--
ITHFH(AEIOUÁÉÍÓÚ)--- *H # cithfholc*,crithfhuacht,frith* only- see next
ITH(BCDFGLMNPRST)- * # aithris, frith*, etc. exception to TH->H
IDH(BCDFGLMNPRST)- * # feidhm, traidhfil, oidhre, etc.
IGH(CDEFILNRST)- * # foighne,caighdeán,oighrigh,oighear,feighil,etc.
I *
ÍORM- *R # epenthetic exception, díorma, fíor- only
ÍOMH(BCDFGLMNPRST)--- * # (pr|r|l|sn|gn)íomh- only, exceptions to omh-
ÍTHS- * # clíthseach only (no excp. for díthreabh, etc.)
Í *
J T # initial j, diosc-jacaí only; bit like slender d
K K # karaté only
LEANBH-- L*N* # epenthetic vowel, (ucht)?leanbh(aois)?,see NBH--
LINBH-- L*N* # epenthetic vowel, (ucht)?linbh only, see NBH--
LMH-- L # feallmharú, etc., epenth. exception
LBH-- L # uaillbhreas, etc., epenth. exception
LGH-- L # timpeallghearr, etc., epenth. exception
L(BGM)- L* # epenthetic vowel, see also ULCH--
L L
MORFAÍ--$ M*RV # exception to silent FAÍ$
MBANBH^$ M*N*V # epenthetic vowel, see NBH--, not -arún
MBAINBH^$ M*N*V # epenthetic vowel, see NBH--
MB^ M # eclipsis
MHARF- V*R* # epenthetic vowel
MARF- M*R* # epenthetic vowel, initial only
MHODH V* # ODH exception, usually initial
MODH M* # " " , " "
MH V # includes mh$,/w/,/v/ + see UMH
M M
NAFAÍ-- N*V # exception to FAÍ$, snafaí only
NNARB- N*R # exception to RB epenthetic, ionnarb* only
NNEALBH-- N*L # exception to ALBH epenthetic, coinnealbhá only
NDORCH-- N*R* # epenthetic vowel, see DORCH--
NDEARF- N*R* # epenthetic vowel, see DEARF-
NDEIRF- N*R* # epenthetic vowel, see DEIRF-
NDOIL(BF)- N*L* # epenthetic vowel, see DOIL(BF)-
NDIFEAR N*V*R # exception to FEAR$, ^ndifear$ only
NGAINMH-- N*N* # epenthetic vowel, see GAINMH--
NGEALLMH-- N*L* # epenthetic vowel, see GEALLMH-
NGLAFADH NL*V* # exception to FADH$, ^nglafadh$ only
NGLAFAIDH NL*V* # exception to FAIDH$, ^nglafaidh$ only
NCHA(ÍS)---- N* # epenthetic vowel, *sh?eancha(ís)*,ionchas only
NCHAIRD------ N # exception to next, daonchaird* only
NCHAI(RS)----- N* # epenth. tionchair*, ionchais, *sh?eanchai*, etc.
NCHAITHE------- N* # " " , sh?eanchaithe, not seanchaite
N(DG)^ N # eclipsis
NMH-- N # exception to N(BM)-, pianmhar, onnmhaire, etc.
NBH-- N # " " ", aonbheannach, bunbhrat, etc.
N(BM)- N* # epenthetic vowel, binb, ainm, etc.
N N
OFAR--$ *V # exception to FAR$, EOFAR done b4
OIRCH-- *R* # epenthetic vowel, t?oirch* only
OCALBH-- *K*L # exception to ALBH - focalbhá* only
ORBHÁ--- *R* # epenthetic vowel, forbhás only
ONNCHA--- *N* # epenthetic vowel fionncha, Donncha only
OMHARB- *R # exception to epenth. R(BFGM)-, comharba* only
OMH(BCDFGLMNPRST)- * # comh-, Domhnach, etc. (several excpts b4 this)
OTH(BCDGLMNPRS)- * # cothrom, baothchaint, gaothscáth, etc.
ODHAO---- * # fodhao* only, exception to next
ODH(ACLNR)- * # bodhrán,modhnaigh,todhchaí,fodhla,bodhar etc.
OGHRÚP----- * # foghrúpa, this and next few are OGH->* excepts.
OGHLUA----- * # so/doghluaiste* only
OGHAF---- * # doghafa only
OGH(AÁBCDFGLMNPRST)- * # ogham, foghlaim, boghdóir, toghchán, etc.
O *
ÓR(GM)- *R # epenthetic exception, (for)?th?órmach, órga,etc.
ÓGH * # ógha?$ only
Ó *
PH V # OK
P B
QU KV # ^quinín$, ^quarto$ only
RANFAÍ-- R*NV # exception to silent FAÍ$, -chuaranfaí only
RAFAÍ-- R*V # exception to silent FAÍ$, all *graf-
RRBHA--- R* # epenthetic vowel, cearrbh* only, no carrbhuama
REALMH-- R*L* # epenthetic vowel, see LMH--, trealmh* only
RÍFEAR^$ R*V*R # exception to FEAR$, not athrífear!
ROMH(FT)--- R* # promh[ft]- only, exception to -omh rule
RFEAN---- R* # epenthetic vowel, (be|se|ga)irfean only
RFIN---$ R* # epenthetic vowel, same words as previous
RBH-- R # cíorbhuí, aerbhrat, etc., epenth. exception
RMH-- R # iarmhar, léirmheas, etc., epenth. exception
RGH-- R # daorghalar, etc., epenth. exception
RBO-- R # cosarbolg only, epenth. exception
R(BGM)- R* # epenthetic vowel
R R
SHORCH-- H*R* # epenthetic vowel, sorcha root only
SORCH-- S*R* # epenthetic vowel, sorcha root only
SHOILBH-- H*L* # epenthetic, see LBH--
SOILBH-- S*L* # epenthetic, see LBH--
SH H # OK
S S
TALMH-- T*L* # epenthetic vowel, see LMH--, talmhaigh only
THALMH-- H*L* # epenthetic vowel, see LMH--, " "
TINF(EI)- T*NV # exception to F(EA|I)DH$, d?tinf(ea|i)dh only
THINF(EI)- H*NV # exception to F(EA|I)DH$, thinf(ea|i)dh only
TAFA- T*V # exception to FAINN$, d?tafainn only
THAFA- H*V # exception to FAINN$, thafainn only
TSORCH-- T*R* # epenthetic vowel, see SORCH--
TSOILBH-- T*L* # epenthetic vowel, see SOILBH--
TS^ T # prefix-t
TH$ _ # no exceptions
TH H
T T
UFA(ÍR)--$ *V # exception to FAR$, brufar/[cr]ufaí only
UARG- *R # epenthetic exception, fuarga*, tuargain only
UAIRG- *R # epenthetic exception, tuairgn* only
UARBH-- *R # epenthetic exception, fuarbh*, cuarbh* only
UALGA-- *L # epenthetic exception, dualgas only
ULLMH-- *L* # epenthetic vowel, see LMH--
UMH * # cumhacht, umhlaíocht, ciumhais, except. to MH->V
UTH(BCDGLMNPR)- * # sruth*, guthphost only, TH->H exception
ULCH-- *L* # epenth. vowel,ulcha,[tm]ulchán,amhulchach only
URCH(AÓ)--- *R* # epenthetic vowel, urchar, urchall, urchóid, etc.
UDH * # mudh* only (literary)
UGH * # brugh* only (literary)
U *
ÚIRG- *R # epenthetic exception, liotúirg* only, see RG
ÚTH(BCDFLPR)- * # lúthchleasa, dúthracht, etc. - TH->H exception
Ú *
V V
W V # wigwam only
X(AEÉIÍ)-^ S # xileafón, etc.
X^ *KS # x-gha* only
X KS # Marxach only
Y Y # yóyó only
Z S # zú, puzal, etc.
#############################################################################
#
# Summary:
# There are about 40 rules above for the basic, unambiguous sounds of Irish.
# The majority of the others are for dealing with three special situations:
#
# (1) silent vs. non-silent DH,GH,MH,TH (50+ rules)
# (2) silent 'f' in verb endings (about 50 rules)
# (3) epenthetic vowels (120+ rules)
#
# Each rule should be adequately commented above.
#
#############################################################################
# Encoded sounds ----> Allowable characters
# (notation from Foclóir Póca) in translated string
#############################################################################
# /b/,/b'/,/p/,/p'/ B
# /h/ H
# /k/,/k'/,/g/,/g'/,/gamma/,/x/,/x'/ K
# /l/,/l'/ L
# /m/,/m'/ M
# /n/,/n'/ N
# /r/,/r'/ R
# /s/,/s'/,/z/,/z'/ S
# /d/,/d'/,/t/,/t'/,/d'z'/ T
# /f/,/f'/,/v/,/v'/,/w/ V
# /gamma'/ Y
# /eta/ NK
# all strings of vowel sounds *
#############################################################################
# Useful references:
# (1) Foclóir Póca, An Gúm, 1986
# (2) Learning Irish, M. Ó Siadhail, 1988, pp. 221-230
#############################################################################