# Rend2
<insert ascii art here>
Rend2 is an alternate renderer for iortcw. It aims to implement modern
features and technologies into the id tech 3 engine, but without sacrificing
compatibility with existing RTCW mods.
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FEATURES
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- Compatible with most vanilla RTCW mods.
- HDR Rendering, and support for HDR lightmaps
- Tone mapping and auto-exposure.
- Cascaded shadow maps.
- Multisample anti-aliasing.
- Texture upsampling.
- Advanced materials support.
- Advanced shading and specular methods.
- RGTC and BPTC texture compression support.
- Screen-space ambient occlusion.
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INSTALLATION
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For *nix:
1. This should be identical to installing iortcw. Check their README for more
details.
For Win32:
1. Have a RTCW install, fully patched.
2. Copy the following files into RTCW's install directory:
ioWolfMP.x86.exe
ioWolfSP.x86.exe
ioWolfDED.x86.exe
renderer_mp_opengl1_x86.dll
renderer_mp_rend2_x86.dll
renderer_sp_opengl1_x86.dll
renderer_sp_rend2_x86.dll
These can be found in build/release-mingw32-x86 after compiling, or bug
someone to release binaries.
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RUNNING
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1. Start iowolfmp/iowolfsp. (ioWolfMP.x86.exe/ioWolfSP.x86.exe on Win32)
2. Open the console (the default key is tilde ~) and type
`/cl_renderer rend2` and press enter
`/vid_restart` then press enter again.
3. Enjoy.
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CVARS
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Cvars for simple rendering features:
* `r_ext_compressed_textures` - Automatically compress textures.
0 - No texture compression. (default)
1 - DXT/RGTC texture compression if
supported.
2 - BPTC texture compression if supported.
* `r_ext_framebuffer_multisample` - Multisample Anti-aliasing.
0 - None. (default)
1-16 - Some.
17+ - Too much!
* `r_ssao` - Enable screen-space ambient occlusion.
Currently eats framerate and has some
visible artifacts.
0 - No. (default)
1 - Yes.
Cvars for HDR and tonemapping:
* `r_hdr` - Do scene rendering in a framebuffer with
high dynamic range. (Less banding, and
exposure changes look much better)
0 - No.
1 - Yes. (default)
* `r_cameraExposure` - Cheat. Alter brightness, in powers of two.
-2 - 4x as dark.
0 - Normal. (default)
0.5 - Sqrt(2)x as bright.
2 - 4x as bright.
* `r_postProcess` - Enable post-processing.
0 - No.
1 - Yes. (default)
* `r_toneMap` - Enable tone mapping. Requires
r_hdr and r_postProcess.
0 - No.
1 - Yes. (default)
* `r_forceToneMap` - Cheat. Override built-in and map tonemap settings and use cvars r_forceToneMapAvg, r_forceToneMapMin, and r_forceToneMapMax.
0 - No. (default)
1 - Yes.
* `r_forceToneMapAvg` - Cheat. Map average scene luminance to this
value, in powers of two. Requires
r_forceToneMap.
-2.0 - Dark.
-1.0 - Kinda dark. (default).
2.0 - Too bright.
* `r_forceToneMapMin` - Cheat. After mapping average, luminance
below this level is mapped to black.
Requires r_forceToneMap.
-5 - Not noticeable.
-3.25 - Normal. (default)
0.0 - Too dark.
* `r_forceToneMapMin` - Cheat. After mapping average, luminance
above this level is mapped to white.
Requires r_forceToneMap.
0.0 - Too bright.
1.0 - Normal. (default).
2.0 - Washed out.
* `r_autoExposure` - Do automatic exposure based on scene
brightness. Hardcoded to -2 to 2 on maps
that don't specify otherwise. Requires
r_hdr, r_postprocess, and r_toneMap.
0 - No.
1 - Yes. (default)
* `r_forceAutoExposure` - Cheat. Override built-in and map auto
exposure settings and use cvars
r_forceAutoExposureMin and
r_forceAutoExposureMax.
0 - No. (default)
1 - Yes.
* `r_forceAutoExposureMin` - Cheat. Set minimum exposure to this value,
in powers of two. Requires
r_forceAutoExpsure.
-3.0 - Dimmer.
-2.0 - Normal. (default)
-1.0 - Brighter.
* `r_forceAutoExposureMax` - Cheat. Set maximum exposure to this value,
in powers of two. Requires
r_forceAutoExpsure.
1.0 - Dimmer.
2.0 - Normal. (default)
3.0 - Brighter.
Cvars for advanced material usage:
* `r_normalMapping` - Enable normal maps for materials that
support it.
0 - No.
1 - Yes. (default)
* `r_specularMapping` - Enable specular maps for materials that
support it.
0 - No.
1 - Yes. (default)
* `r_deluxeMapping` - Enable deluxe mapping. (Map is compiled
with light directions.) Even if the map
doesn't have deluxe mapping compiled in,
an approximation based on the lightgrid
will be used.
0 - No.
1 - Yes. (default)
* `r_parallaxMapping` - Enable parallax mapping for materials that
support it.
0 - No. (default)
1 - Use parallax occlusion mapping.
2 - Use relief mapping. (slower)
* `r_parallaxMapShadows` - Enable self-shadowing on parallax map
supported materials.
0 - No. (default)
1 - Yes.
* `r_baseSpecular` - Set the specular reflectance of materials
which don't include a specular map or
use the specularReflectance keyword.
0 - No.
0.04 - Realistic. (default)
1.0 - Ack.
* `r_baseGloss` - Set the glossiness of materials which don't
include a specular map or use the
specularExponent keyword.
0 - Rough.
0.3 - Default.
1.0 - Shiny.
* `r_baseNormalX` - Set the scale of the X values from normal
maps when the normalScale keyword is not
used.
-1 - Flip X.
0 - Ignore X.
1 - Normal X. (default)
2 - Double X.
* `r_baseNormalY` - Set the scale of the Y values from normal
maps when the normalScale keyword is not
used.
-1 - Flip Y.
0 - Ignore Y.
1 - Normal Y. (default)
2 - Double Y.
* `r_baseParallax` - Sets the scale of the parallax effect for
materials when the parallaxDepth keyword
is not used.
0 - No depth.
0.01 - Pretty smooth.
0.05 - Standard depth. (default)
0.1 - Looks broken.
* `r_pbr` - Enable physically based rendering.
Experimental, will not look correct without
assets meant for it.
0 - No. (default)
1 - Yes.
Cvars for image interpolation and generation:
* `r_imageUpsample` - Use interpolation to artifically increase
the resolution of all textures. Looks good
in certain circumstances.
0 - No. (default)
1 - 2x size.
2 - 4x size.
3 - 8x size, etc
* `r_imageUpsampleMaxSize` - Maximum texture size when upsampling
textures.
1024 - Default.
2048 - Really nice.
4096 - Really slow.
8192 - Crash.
* `r_imageUpsampleType` - Type of interpolation when upsampling
textures.
0 - None. (probably broken)
1 - Bad but fast (default,
FCBI without second derivatives)
2 - Okay but slow (normal FCBI)
* `r_genNormalMaps` - Naively generate normal maps for all
textures.
0 - Don't. (default)
1 - Do.
Cvars for the sunlight and cascaded shadow maps:
* `r_forceSun` - Force sunlight and shadows, using sun position from sky material.
0 - Don't. (default)
1 - Do.
2 - Sunrise, sunset.
* `r_forceSunLightScale` - Cheat. Scale sun brightness by this factor
when r_forceSun 1.
1.0 - Default
* `r_forceSunAmbientScale` - Cheat. Scale sun ambient brightness by this factor when r_forceSun 1. 0.5 - Default
* `r_sunShadows` - Enable sunlight and cascaded shadow maps for
it on maps that support it.
0 - No.
1 - Yes. (default)
* `r_sunlightMode` - Specify the method used to add sunlight to
the scene.
0 - No.
1 - Multiply lit areas by light scale, and
shadowed areas by ambient scale.
(default)
2 - Add light. Looks better, but is slower
and doesn't integrate well with existing
maps.
* `r_shadowFilter` - Enable filtering shadows for a smoother
look.
0 - No.
1 - Some. (default)
2 - Much.
* `r_shadowMapSize` - Size of each cascaded shadow map.
256 - 256x256, ugly, probably shouldn't
go below this.
512 - 512x512, passable.
1024 - 1024x1024, good. (default)
2048 - 2048x2048, extreme.
4096 - 4096x4096, indistinguishable from
2048.
Cvars that you probably don't care about or shouldn't mess with:
* `r_depthPrepass` - Do a depth-only pass before rendering.
Speeds up rendering in cases where advanced
features are used. Required for
r_sunShadows.
0 - No.
1 - Yes. (default)
* `r_mergeLightmaps` - Merge the small (128x128) lightmaps into
2 or fewer giant (4096x4096) lightmaps.
Easy speedup.
0 - Don't.
1 - Do. (default)
* `r_shadowCascadeZNear` - Near plane for shadow cascade frustums.
4 - Default.
* `r_shadowCascadeZFar` - Far plane for shadow cascade frustums.
3072 - Default.
* `r_shadowCascadeZBias` - Z-bias for shadow cascade frustums.
-256 - Default.
Cvars that have broken bits:
* `r_dlightMode` - Change how dynamic lights look.
0 - RTCW style dlights, fake
brightening. (default)
1 - Actual lighting, no shadows.
2 - Light and shadows. (broken)
* `r_pshadowDist` - Virtual camera distance when creating shadowmaps for projected shadows. Deprecated.
* `cg_shadows` - Old shadow code. Deprecated.
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MATERIALS
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Rend2 supports .mtr files, which are basically the same as .shader files, and
are located in the same place, but override existing .shader files if they
exist. This is to allow maps and mods to use the new material features without
breaking the map when using the old renderer.
Here's an example of a material stored in one, showing off some new features:
textures/abandon/grass
{
qer_editorimage textures/abandon/grass.jpg
{
map textures/abandon/grass3_256_d.jpg
rgbgen identity
}
{
stage normalparallaxmap
map textures/abandon/grass3_1024_n.png
normalScale 1 1
parallaxDepth 0.05
}
{
stage specularmap
map textures/abandon/grass3_256_s.png
specularReflectance 0.12
specularExponent 16
}
{
map $lightmap
blendfunc GL_DST_COLOR GL_ZERO
}
}
The first thing to notice is that this is basically the same as old RTCW
shader files. The next thing to notice are the new keywords. Here is what
they mean:
`stage <type>`
- State how this imagemap will be used by Rend2:
diffuseMap - Standard, same as no stage entry
normalMap - Image will be used as a normal map
normalParallaxMap - Image will be used as a normal map with
alpha treated as height for parallax mapping
specularMap - Image will be used as a specular map with
alpha treated as shininess.
`specularReflectance <value>`
- State how metallic this material is. Metals typically have a high
specular and a low diffuse, so this is typically high for them, and low
for other materials, such as plastic. For typical values for various
materials, see http://refractiveindex.info , pick a material, then scroll
down to the reflection calculator and look up its reflectance. Default
is 0.04, since most materials aren't metallic.
`specularExponent <value>`
- State how shiny this material is. Note that this is modulated by the
alpha channel of the specular map, so if it were set to 16, and the alpha
channel of the specular map was set to 0.5, then the shininess would be
set to 8. Default 256.
`normalScale <x> <y>`
- State the X and Y scales of the normal map. This is useful for increasing
or decreasing the "strength" of the normal map, or entering negative values
to flip the X and/or Y values. Default 1 1.
`parallaxDepth <value>`
- State the maximum depth of the parallax map. This is a fairly sensitive
value, and I recommend the default or lower. Default 0.05.
An important note is that normal and specular maps influence the diffuse map
declared before them, so materials like this are possible:
textures/terrain/grass
{
qer_editorimage textures/terrain/grass.jpg
{
map textures/terrain/rock.jpg
}
{
stage normalparallaxmap
map textures/terrain/rock_n.png
}
{
stage specularmap
map textures/terrain/rock_s.jpg
}
{
map textures/terrain/grass.jpg
blendFunc GL_SRC_ALPHA GL_ONE_MINUS_SRC_ALPHA
alphaGen vertex
}
{
stage normalparallaxmap
map textures/terrain/grass_n.png
}
{
stage specularmap
map textures/terrain/grass_s.png
specularReflectance 0.12
}
{
map $lightmap
blendfunc GL_DST_COLOR GL_ZERO
}
}
Though note due to the complexity of lighting, dynamic light (including
sunlight with cascaded shadow maps) currently only works 100% on materials like
this, where the second diffuse map doesn't have its own alpha, and only
uses vertex alpha. YMMV.
Another addition to materials is working normal/specular maps on vertex lit
surfaces. To enable this, make your material look like this:
textures/vehicles/car
{
qer_editorimage textures/vehicles/car.jpg
{
map textures/vehicles/car.jpg
rgbGen vertexLit
}
{
stage normalparallaxmap
map textures/vehicles/car_n.jpg
}
{
stage specularmap
map textures/vehicles/car_s.jpg
}
}
Note the new keyword, 'vertexLit' after rgbGen. This is analogous to
'rgbGen vertex', except a light direction will be determined from the lightgrid
and used with the normal and specular maps. 'exactVertexLit' exists as well,
and is the equivalent for 'exactVertex'.
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DYNAMIC SUNLIGHT AND CASCADED SHADOW MAPS
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This adds a new keyword to sky materials, q3gl2_sun. The syntax is:
q3gl2_sun <red> <green> <blue> <intensity> <degrees> <elevation> <ambientLightScale>
Note the first six parameters are the same as in q3map_sun or q3map_sunExt,
and the last two indicate scaling factors for the map brightness and an ambient
light of the same color as the sun.
There are currently two ways to use this in your own (and other people's) maps.
1. Create your map as normal, set r_sunlightMode to 1, and add a
'q3gl2_sun' line after your 'q3map_sun' line in your sky material, like
so:
textures/skies/bluesky
{
qer_editorimage textures/skies/bluesky.jpg
surfaceparm nomarks
surfaceparm noimpact
surfaceparm nolightmap
surfaceparm sky
q3map_sunExt 240 238 200 100 195 35 3 16
q3gl2_sun 240 238 200 50 195 35 0.2
q3map_skylight 50 16
q3map_lightimage $whiteimage
skyparms env/bluesky - -
}
The advantages with this method are that your map will continue to work
with the old renderer with the sunlight baked into the lightmap, and it
can be used with existing maps without recompilation. The downside is
artifacts like doubled shadows and uneven shadow edges.
2. Set r_sunlightMode to 2 and use 'q3gl2_sun' instead of 'q3map_sun' or
'q3map_sunExt', like so:
textures/skies/bluesky
{
qer_editorimage textures/skies/bluesky.jpg
surfaceparm nomarks
surfaceparm noimpact
surfaceparm nolightmap
surfaceparm sky
q3gl2_sun 240 238 200 50 195 35 0.2
q3map_skylight 50 16
q3map_lightimage $whiteimage
skyparms env/bluesky - -
}
The advantages with this method are that you don't get the artifacts that
characterize the other method, and your map compiles a lot faster without
the sunlight bouncing calculations. The downsides are that your map will
not display properly with the old renderer, and you lose the bounced light
that compiling the map with q3map_sun* in it would have.
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TONE MAPPING AND AUTO EXPOSURE
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This adds a new keyword to sky materials, q3gl2_tonemap. The syntax is:
q3gl2_tonemap <toneMapMin> <toneMapAvg> <toneMapMax> <autoExposureMin> <autoExposureMax>
Each of these settings corresponds to a matching cvar, so you can view and
adjust the effect before settling on fixed settings.
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THANKS
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I'd like to take this part of the readme to thank the numerous people who
contributed thoughts, ideas, and whole swaths of code to this project.
- Id Software, for creating RTCW and releasing its source code under a
GPL license, without which this project would not be possible.
- Zachary 'Zakk' Slater, Thilo Schulz, Tim Angus, and the rest of the
ioquake3 team and contributors, for improving massively upon the raw Quake
3 source, and accepting my and gimhael's modular renderer patch.
- Robert 'Tr3B' Beckebans and the other contributors to XReaL, for letting me
liberally copy code from you. :)
- Andrew 'Black Monk' Prosnik, Andrei 'Makro' Drexler, Tomi 'T.T.I.' Isoaho,
Richard 'JBravo' Allen, Walter 'Johnny Rocket' Somol, and the rest of the
Boomstick Studios, for contributing code, feature requests, and testing.
- Yoshiharu Gotanda, Tatsuya Shoji, and the rest of tri-Ace's R&D Department,
for creating the tri-Ace shading equations and posting their derivations in
simple English.
- Matthias 'gimhael' Bentrup, for random ideas and bits of code.
- Evan 'megatog615' Goers, for testing, ideas, and bugging me just enough
that I'd write documentation. :)
- The folks at #ioquake3, who don't seem to mind when I suddenly drop a
screenshot and insist on talking about it. :)
- And lots of various other random people, who posted on forums, blogs, and
Wikipedia, who helped in small but numerous ways.
If I missed you in this section, feel free to drop me a line and I'll add you.
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CONTACT
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My name is James Canete, and I wrote most of this readme. Also, a renderer.
If you wish to get in touch with me, try my GMail at use.less01 (you should be
able to solve this), or look for SmileTheory in #ioquake3 on irc.freenode.net.