Codebase list libcryptx-perl / v0.020 lib / Crypt / PK / RSA.pm
v0.020

Tree @v0.020 (Download .tar.gz)

RSA.pm @v0.020raw · history · blame

  1
  2
  3
  4
  5
  6
  7
  8
  9
 10
 11
 12
 13
 14
 15
 16
 17
 18
 19
 20
 21
 22
 23
 24
 25
 26
 27
 28
 29
 30
 31
 32
 33
 34
 35
 36
 37
 38
 39
 40
 41
 42
 43
 44
 45
 46
 47
 48
 49
 50
 51
 52
 53
 54
 55
 56
 57
 58
 59
 60
 61
 62
 63
 64
 65
 66
 67
 68
 69
 70
 71
 72
 73
 74
 75
 76
 77
 78
 79
 80
 81
 82
 83
 84
 85
 86
 87
 88
 89
 90
 91
 92
 93
 94
 95
 96
 97
 98
 99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
578
579
580
581
582
583
584
585
586
587
588
589
590
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
598
599
600
601
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
609
610
611
612
613
614
615
616
617
618
619
620
621
622
623
624
625
626
627
628
629
630
631
632
633
634
635
636
637
package Crypt::PK::RSA;

use strict;
use warnings;

use Exporter 'import';
our %EXPORT_TAGS = ( all => [qw(rsa_encrypt rsa_decrypt rsa_sign_message rsa_verify_message rsa_sign_hash rsa_verify_hash)] );
our @EXPORT_OK = ( @{ $EXPORT_TAGS{'all'} } );
our @EXPORT = qw();

use CryptX;
use Crypt::PK;
use Crypt::Digest 'digest_data';
use Carp;
use MIME::Base64 qw(encode_base64 decode_base64);

sub new {
  my ($class, $f, $p) = @_;
  my $self = _new();
  $self->import_key($f, $p) if $f;
  return  $self;
}

sub export_key_pem {
  my ($self, $type, $password, $cipher) = @_;
  my $key = $self->export_key_der($type||'');
  return undef unless $key;

  # PKCS#1 RSAPrivateKey** (PEM header: BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY)
  # PKCS#8 PrivateKeyInfo* (PEM header: BEGIN PRIVATE KEY)
  # PKCS#8 EncryptedPrivateKeyInfo** (PEM header: BEGIN ENCRYPTED PRIVATE KEY)
  return Crypt::PK::_asn1_to_pem($key, "RSA PRIVATE KEY", $password, $cipher) if $type eq 'private';

  # PKCS#1 RSAPublicKey* (PEM header: BEGIN RSA PUBLIC KEY)
  return Crypt::PK::_asn1_to_pem($key, "RSA PUBLIC KEY") if $type eq 'public';
  # X.509 SubjectPublicKeyInfo** (PEM header: BEGIN PUBLIC KEY)
  return Crypt::PK::_asn1_to_pem($key, "PUBLIC KEY") if $type eq 'public_x509';  
}

sub import_key {
  my ($self, $key, $password) = @_;
  croak "FATAL: undefined key" unless $key;
  my $data;
  if (ref($key) eq 'SCALAR') {
    $data = $$key;
  }
  elsif (-f $key) {
    $data = Crypt::PK::_slurp_file($key);
  }
  else {
    croak "FATAL: non-existing file '$key'";
  }
  if ($data && $data =~ /-----BEGIN (RSA PRIVATE|RSA PUBLIC|PRIVATE|PUBLIC|ENCRYPTED PRIVATE) KEY-----(.*?)-----END/sg) {
    $data = Crypt::PK::_pem_to_asn1($data, $password);
  }
  croak "FATAL: invalid key format" unless $data;
  return $self->_import($data);
}

sub encrypt {
  my ($self, $data, $padding, $hash_name, $lparam) = @_;
  $lparam ||= '';
  $padding ||= 'oaep';
  $hash_name = Crypt::Digest::_trans_digest_name($hash_name||'SHA1');

  return $self->_encrypt($data, $padding, $hash_name, $lparam);
}

sub decrypt {
  my ($self, $data, $padding, $hash_name, $lparam) = @_;
  $lparam ||= '';
  $padding ||= 'oaep';
  $hash_name = Crypt::Digest::_trans_digest_name($hash_name||'SHA1');

  return $self->_decrypt($data, $padding, $hash_name, $lparam);
}

sub sign_hash {
  my ($self, $data, $hash_name, $padding, $saltlen) = @_;
  $saltlen ||= 12;
  $padding ||= 'pss';
  $hash_name = Crypt::Digest::_trans_digest_name($hash_name||'SHA1');

  return $self->_sign($data, $padding, $hash_name, $saltlen);
}

sub sign_message {
  my ($self, $data, $hash_name, $padding, $saltlen) = @_;
  $saltlen ||= 12;
  $padding ||= 'pss';
  $hash_name = Crypt::Digest::_trans_digest_name($hash_name||'SHA1');

  return $self->_sign(digest_data($hash_name, $data), $padding, $hash_name, $saltlen);
}

sub verify_hash {
  my ($self, $sig, $data, $hash_name, $padding, $saltlen) = @_;
  $saltlen ||= 12;
  $padding ||= 'pss';
  $hash_name = Crypt::Digest::_trans_digest_name($hash_name||'SHA1');

  return $self->_verify($sig, $data, $padding, $hash_name, $saltlen);
}

sub verify_message {
  my ($self, $sig, $data, $hash_name, $padding, $saltlen) = @_;
  $saltlen ||= 12;
  $padding ||= 'pss';
  $hash_name = Crypt::Digest::_trans_digest_name($hash_name||'SHA1');

  return $self->_verify($sig, digest_data($hash_name, $data), $padding, $hash_name, $saltlen);
}

### FUNCTIONS

sub rsa_encrypt {
  my $key = shift;
  $key = __PACKAGE__->new($key) unless ref $key;
  carp "FATAL: invalid 'key' param" unless ref($key) eq __PACKAGE__;
  return $key->encrypt(@_);
}

sub rsa_decrypt {
  my $key = shift;
  $key = __PACKAGE__->new($key) unless ref $key;
  carp "FATAL: invalid 'key' param" unless ref($key) eq __PACKAGE__;
  return $key->decrypt(@_);
}

sub rsa_sign_hash {
  my $key = shift;
  $key = __PACKAGE__->new($key) unless ref $key;
  carp "FATAL: invalid 'key' param" unless ref($key) eq __PACKAGE__;
  return $key->sign_hash(@_);
}

sub rsa_verify_hash {
  my $key = shift;
  $key = __PACKAGE__->new($key) unless ref $key;
  carp "FATAL: invalid 'key' param" unless ref($key) eq __PACKAGE__;
  return $key->verify_hash(@_);
}

sub rsa_sign_message {
  my $key = shift;
  $key = __PACKAGE__->new($key) unless ref $key;
  carp "FATAL: invalid 'key' param" unless ref($key) eq __PACKAGE__;
  return $key->sign_message(@_);
}

sub rsa_verify_message {
  my $key = shift;
  $key = __PACKAGE__->new($key) unless ref $key;
  carp "FATAL: invalid 'key' param" unless ref($key) eq __PACKAGE__;
  return $key->verify_message(@_);
}

sub CLONE_SKIP { 1 } # prevent cloning

1;

=pod

=head1 NAME

Crypt::PK::RSA - Public key cryptography based on RSA

=head1 SYNOPSIS

 ### OO interface

 #Encryption: Alice
 my $pub = Crypt::PK::RSA->new('Bob_pub_rsa1.der');
 my $ct = $pub->encrypt("secret message");
 #
 #Encryption: Bob (received ciphertext $ct)
 my $priv = Crypt::PK::RSA->new('Bob_priv_rsa1.der');
 my $pt = $priv->decrypt($ct);

 #Signature: Alice
 my $priv = Crypt::PK::RSA->new('Alice_priv_rsa1.der');
 my $sig = $priv->sign_message($message);
 #
 #Signature: Bob (received $message + $sig)
 my $pub = Crypt::PK::RSA->new('Alice_pub_rsa1.der');
 $pub->verify_message($sig, $message) or die "ERROR";

 #Key generation
 my $pk = Crypt::PK::RSA->new();
 $pk->generate_key(256, 65537);
 my $private_der = $pk->export_key_der('private');
 my $public_der = $pk->export_key_der('public');
 my $private_pem = $pk->export_key_pem('private');
 my $public_pem = $pk->export_key_pem('public');

 ### Functional interface

 #Encryption: Alice
 my $ct = rsa_encrypt('Bob_pub_rsa1.der', "secret message");
 #Encryption: Bob (received ciphertext $ct)
 my $pt = rsa_decrypt('Bob_priv_rsa1.der', $ct);

 #Signature: Alice
 my $sig = rsa_sign_message('Alice_priv_rsa1.der', $message);
 #Signature: Bob (received $message + $sig)
 rsa_verify_message('Alice_pub_rsa1.der', $sig, $message) or die "ERROR";

=head1 DESCRIPTION

The module provides a full featured RSA implementation.

=head1 METHODS

=head2 new

  my $pk = Crypt::PK::RSA->new();
  #or
  my $pk = Crypt::PK::RSA->new($priv_or_pub_key_filename);
  #or
  my $pk = Crypt::PK::RSA->new(\$buffer_containing_priv_or_pub_key);

Support for password protected PEM keys

  my $pk = Crypt::PK::RSA->new($priv_pem_key_filename, $password);
  #or
  my $pk = Crypt::PK::RSA->new(\$buffer_containing_priv_pem_key, $password);

=head2 generate_key

Uses Yarrow-based cryptographically strong random number generator seeded with
random data taken from C</dev/random> (UNIX) or C<CryptGenRandom> (Win32).

 $pk->generate_key($size, $e);
 # $size .. key size: 128-512 bytes (DEFAULT is 256)
 # $e ..... exponent: 3, 17, 257 or 65537 (DEFAULT is 65537)

=head2 import_key

Loads private or public key in DER or PEM format.

  $pk->import_key($priv_or_pub_key_filename);
  #or
  $pk->import_key(\$buffer_containing_priv_or_pub_key);

Support for password protected PEM keys

  $pk->import_key($pem_filename, $password);
  #or
  $pk->import_key(\$buffer_containing_pem_key, $password);

=head2 export_key_der

 my $private_der = $pk->export_key_der('private');
 #or
 my $public_der = $pk->export_key_der('public');

=head2 export_key_pem

 my $private_pem = $pk->export_key_pem('private');
 #or
 my $public_pem = $pk->export_key_pem('public');
 #or
 my $public_pem = $pk->export_key_pem('public_x509');

With parameter C<'public'> uses header and footer lines:

  -----BEGIN RSA PUBLIC KEY------
  -----END RSA PUBLIC KEY------

With parameter C<'public_x509'> uses header and footer lines:

  -----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY------
  -----END PUBLIC KEY------

Support for password protected PEM keys

 my $private_pem = $pk->export_key_pem('private', $password);
 #or
 my $private_pem = $pk->export_key_pem('private', $password, $cipher);

 # supported ciphers: 'DES-CBC'
 #                    'DES-EDE3-CBC'
 #                    'SEED-CBC'
 #                    'CAMELLIA-128-CBC'
 #                    'CAMELLIA-192-CBC'
 #                    'CAMELLIA-256-CBC'
 #                    'AES-128-CBC'
 #                    'AES-192-CBC'
 #                    'AES-256-CBC' (DEFAULT)

=head2 encrypt

 my $pk = Crypt::PK::RSA->new($pub_key_filename);
 my $ct = $pk->encrypt($message);
 #or
 my $ct = $pk->encrypt($message, $padding);
 #or
 my $ct = $pk->encrypt($message, 'oaep', $hash_name, $lparam);

 # $padding .................... 'oaep' (DEFAULT), 'v1.5' or 'none'
 # $hash_name (only for oaep) .. 'SHA1' (DEFAULT), 'SHA256' or any other hash supported by Crypt::Digest
 # $lparam (only for oaep) ..... DEFAULT is empty string

=head2 decrypt

 my $pk = Crypt::PK::RSA->new($priv_key_filename);
 my $pt = $pk->decrypt($ciphertext);
 #or
 my $pt = $pk->decrypt($ciphertext, $padding);
 #or
 my $pt = $pk->decrypt($ciphertext, 'oaep', $hash_name, $lparam);

 # $padding .................... 'oaep' (DEFAULT), 'v1.5' or 'none'
 # $hash_name (only for oaep) .. 'SHA1' (DEFAULT), 'SHA256' or any other hash supported by Crypt::Digest
 # $lparam (only for oaep) ..... DEFAULT is empty string

=head2 sign_message

 my $pk = Crypt::PK::RSA->new($priv_key_filename);
 my $signature = $priv->sign_message($message);
 #or
 my $signature = $priv->sign_message($message, $hash_name);
 #or
 my $signature = $priv->sign_message($message, $hash_name, $padding);
 #or
 my $signature = $priv->sign_message($message, $hash_name, 'pss', $saltlen);

 # $hash_name ............... 'SHA1' (DEFAULT), 'SHA256' or any other hash supported by Crypt::Digest
 # $padding ................. 'pss' (DEFAULT) or 'v1.5'
 # $saltlen (only for pss) .. DEFAULT is 12

=head2 verify_message

 my $pk = Crypt::PK::RSA->new($pub_key_filename);
 my $valid = $pub->verify_message($signature, $message);
 #or
 my $valid = $pub->verify_message($signature, $message, $hash_name);
 #or
 my $valid = $pub->verify_message($signature, $message, $hash_name, $padding);
 #or
 my $valid = $pub->verify_message($signature, $message, $hash_name, 'pss', $saltlen);

 # $hash_name ............... 'SHA1' (DEFAULT), 'SHA256' or any other hash supported by Crypt::Digest
 # $padding ................. 'pss' (DEFAULT) or 'v1.5'
 # $saltlen (only for pss) .. DEFAULT is 12

=head2 sign_hash

 my $pk = Crypt::PK::RSA->new($priv_key_filename);
 my $signature = $priv->sign_hash($message_hash);
 #or
 my $signature = $priv->sign_hash($message_hash, $hash_name);
 #or
 my $signature = $priv->sign_hash($message_hash, $hash_name, $padding);
 #or
 my $signature = $priv->sign_hash($message_hash, $hash_name, 'pss', $saltlen);

 # $hash_name ............... 'SHA1' (DEFAULT), 'SHA256' or any other hash supported by Crypt::Digest
 # $padding ................. 'pss' (DEFAULT) or 'v1.5'
 # $saltlen (only for pss) .. DEFAULT is 12

=head2 verify_hash

 my $pk = Crypt::PK::RSA->new($pub_key_filename);
 my $valid = $pub->verify_hash($signature, $message_hash);
 #or
 my $valid = $pub->verify_hash($signature, $message_hash, $hash_name);
 #or
 my $valid = $pub->verify_hash($signature, $message_hash, $hash_name, $padding);
 #or
 my $valid = $pub->verify_hash($signature, $message_hash, $hash_name, 'pss', $saltlen);

 # $hash_name ............... 'SHA1' (DEFAULT), 'SHA256' or any other hash supported by Crypt::Digest
 # $padding ................. 'pss' (DEFAULT) or 'v1.5'
 # $saltlen (only for pss) .. DEFAULT is 12

=head2 is_private

 my $rv = $pk->is_private;
 # 1 .. private key loaded
 # 0 .. public key loaded
 # undef .. no key loaded

=head2 size

 my $size = $pk->size;
 # returns key size in bytes or undef if no key loaded

=head2 key2hash

 my $hash = $pk->key2hash;

 # returns hash like this (or undef if no key loaded):
 {
   type => 1,   # integer: 1 .. private, 0 .. public
   size => 256, # integer: key size in bytes
   # all the rest are hex strings
   e  => "10001", #public exponent
   d  => "9ED5C3D3F866E06957CA0E9478A273C39BBDA4EEAC5B...", #private exponent
   N  => "D0A5CCCAE03DF9C2F5C4C8C0CE840D62CDE279990DC6...", #modulus
   p  => "D3EF0028FFAB508E2773C659E428A80FB0E9211346B4...", #p factor of N
   q  => "FC07E46B163CAB6A83B8E467D169534B2077DCDEECAE...", #q factor of N
   qP => "88C6D406F833DF73C8B734548E0385261AD51F4187CF...", #1/q mod p CRT param
   dP => "486F142FEF0A1F53269AC43D2EE4D263E2841B60DA36...", #d mod (p - 1) CRT param
   dQ => "4597284B2968B72C4212DB7E8F24360B987B80514DA9...", #d mod (q - 1) CRT param
 }

=head1 FUNCTIONS

=head2 rsa_encrypt

RSA based encryption. See method L</encrypt> below.

 my $ct = rsa_encrypt($pub_key_filename, $message);
 #or
 my $ct = rsa_encrypt(\$buffer_containing_pub_key, $message);
 #or
 my $ct = rsa_encrypt($pub_key, $message, $padding);
 #or
 my $ct = rsa_encrypt($pub_key, $message, 'oaep', $hash_name, $lparam);

 # $padding .................... 'oaep' (DEFAULT), 'v1.5' or 'none'
 # $hash_name (only for oaep) .. 'SHA1' (DEFAULT), 'SHA256' or any other hash supported by Crypt::Digest
 # $lparam (only for oaep) ..... DEFAULT is empty string

=head2 rsa_decrypt

RSA based decryption. See method L</decrypt> below.

 my $pt = rsa_decrypt($priv_key_filename, $ciphertext);
 #or
 my $pt = rsa_decrypt(\$buffer_containing_priv_key, $ciphertext);
 #or
 my $pt = rsa_decrypt($priv_key, $ciphertext, $padding);
 #or
 my $pt = rsa_decrypt($priv_key, $ciphertext, 'oaep', $hash_name, $lparam);

 # $padding .................... 'oaep' (DEFAULT), 'v1.5' or 'none'
 # $hash_name (only for oaep) .. 'SHA1' (DEFAULT), 'SHA256' or any other hash supported by Crypt::Digest
 # $lparam (only for oaep) ..... DEFAULT is empty string

=head2 rsa_sign_message

Generate RSA signature. See method L</sign_message> below.

 my $sig = rsa_sign_message($priv_key_filename, $message);
 #or
 my $sig = rsa_sign_message(\$buffer_containing_priv_key, $message);
 #or
 my $sig = rsa_sign_message($priv_key, $message, $hash_name);
 #or
 my $sig = rsa_sign_message($priv_key, $message, $hash_name, $padding);
 #or
 my $sig = rsa_sign_message($priv_key, $message, $hash_name, 'pss', $saltlen);

 # $hash_name ............... 'SHA1' (DEFAULT), 'SHA256' or any other hash supported by Crypt::Digest
 # $padding ................. 'pss' (DEFAULT) or 'v1.5'
 # $saltlen (only for pss) .. DEFAULT is 12

=head2 rsa_verify_message

Verify RSA signature. See method L</verify_message> below.

 rsa_verify_message($pub_key_filename, $signature, $message) or die "ERROR";
 #or
 rsa_verify_message(\$buffer_containing_pub_key, $signature, $message) or die "ERROR";
 #or
 rsa_verify_message($pub_key, $signature, $message, $hash_name) or die "ERROR";
 #or
 rsa_verify_message($pub_key, $signature, $message, $hash_name, $padding) or die "ERROR";
 #or
 rsa_verify_message($pub_key, $signature, $message, $hash_name, 'pss', $saltlen) or die "ERROR";

 # $hash_name ............... 'SHA1' (DEFAULT), 'SHA256' or any other hash supported by Crypt::Digest
 # $padding ................. 'pss' (DEFAULT) or 'v1.5'
 # $saltlen (only for pss) .. DEFAULT is 12

=head2 rsa_sign_hash

Generate RSA signature. See method L</sign_hash> below.

 my $sig = rsa_sign_hash($priv_key_filename, $message_hash);
 #or
 my $sig = rsa_sign_hash(\$buffer_containing_priv_key, $message_hash);
 #or
 my $sig = rsa_sign_hash($priv_key, $message_hash, $hash_name);
 #or
 my $sig = rsa_sign_hash($priv_key, $message_hash, $hash_name, $padding);
 #or
 my $sig = rsa_sign_hash($priv_key, $message_hash, $hash_name, 'pss', $saltlen);

 # $hash_name ............... 'SHA1' (DEFAULT), 'SHA256' or any other hash supported by Crypt::Digest
 # $padding ................. 'pss' (DEFAULT) or 'v1.5'
 # $saltlen (only for pss) .. DEFAULT is 12

=head2 rsa_verify_hash

Verify RSA signature. See method L</verify_hash> below.

 rsa_verify_hash($pub_key_filename, $signature, $message_hash) or die "ERROR";
 #or
 rsa_verify_hash(\$buffer_containing_pub_key, $signature, $message_hash) or die "ERROR";
 #or
 rsa_verify_hash($pub_key, $signature, $message_hash, $hash_name) or die "ERROR";
 #or
 rsa_verify_hash($pub_key, $signature, $message_hash, $hash_name, $padding) or die "ERROR";
 #or
 rsa_verify_hash($pub_key, $signature, $message_hash, $hash_name, 'pss', $saltlen) or die "ERROR";

 # $hash_name ............... 'SHA1' (DEFAULT), 'SHA256' or any other hash supported by Crypt::Digest
 # $padding ................. 'pss' (DEFAULT) or 'v1.5'
 # $saltlen (only for pss) .. DEFAULT is 12

=head1 OpenSSL interoperability

 ### let's have:
 # RSA private key in PEM format - rsakey.priv.pem
 # RSA public key in PEM format  - rsakey.pub.pem
 # data file to be signed or encrypted - input.data

=head2 Encrypt by OpenSSL, decrypt by Crypt::PK::RSA

Create encrypted file (from commandline):

 openssl rsautl -encrypt -inkey rsakey.pub.pem -pubin -out input.encrypted.rsa -in input.data

Decrypt file (Perl code):

  use Crypt::PK::RSA;
  use File::Slurp 'read_file';

  my $pkrsa = Crypt::PK::RSA->new("rsakey.priv.pem");
  my $encfile = read_file("input.encrypted.rsa", binmode=>':raw');
  my $plaintext = $pkrsa->decrypt($encfile, 'v1.5');
  print $plaintext;

=head2 Encrypt by Crypt::PK::RSA, decrypt by OpenSSL

Create encrypted file (Perl code):

  use Crypt::PK::RSA;
  use File::Slurp 'write_file';

  my $plaintext = 'secret message';
  my $pkrsa = Crypt::PK::RSA->new("rsakey.pub.pem");
  my $encrypted = $pkrsa->encrypt($plaintext, 'v1.5');
  write_file("input.encrypted.rsa", {binmode=>':raw'}, $encrypted);

Decrypt file (from commandline):

 openssl rsautl -decrypt -inkey rsakey.priv.pem -in input.encrypted.rsa

=head2 Sign by OpenSSL, verify by Crypt::PK::RSA

Create signature (from commandline):

 openssl dgst -sha1 -sign rsakey.priv.pem -out input.sha1-rsa.sig input.data

Verify signature (Perl code):

 use Crypt::PK::RSA;
 use Crypt::Digest 'digest_file';
 use File::Slurp 'read_file';

 my $pkrsa = Crypt::PK::RSA->new("rsakey.pub.pem");
 my $signature = read_file("input.sha1-rsa.sig", binmode=>':raw');
 my $valid = $pkrsa->verify_hash($signature, digest_file("SHA1", "input.data"), "SHA1", "v1.5");
 print $valid ? "SUCCESS" : "FAILURE";

=head2 Sign by Crypt::PK::RSA, verify by OpenSSL

Create signature (Perl code):

 use Crypt::PK::RSA;
 use Crypt::Digest 'digest_file';
 use File::Slurp 'write_file';

 my $pkrsa = Crypt::PK::RSA->new("rsakey.priv.pem");
 my $signature = $pkrsa->sign_hash(digest_file("SHA1", "input.data"), "SHA1", "v1.5");
 write_file("input.sha1-rsa.sig", {binmode=>':raw'}, $signature);

Verify signature (from commandline):

 openssl dgst -sha1 -verify rsakey.pub.pem -signature input.sha1-rsa.sig input.data

=head2 Keys generated by Crypt::PK::RSA

Generate keys (Perl code):

 use Crypt::PK::RSA;
 use File::Slurp 'write_file';

 my $pkrsa = Crypt::PK::RSA->new;
 $pkrsa->generate_key(256, 65537);
 write_file("rsakey.pub.der",  {binmode=>':raw'}, $pkrsa->export_key_der('public'));
 write_file("rsakey.priv.der", {binmode=>':raw'}, $pkrsa->export_key_der('private'));
 write_file("rsakey.pub.pem",  $pkrsa->export_key_pem('public_x509'));
 write_file("rsakey.priv.pem", $pkrsa->export_key_pem('private'));
 write_file("rsakey-passwd.priv.pem", $pkrsa->export_key_pem('private', 'secret'));

Use keys by OpenSSL:

 openssl rsa -in rsakey.priv.der -text -inform der
 openssl rsa -in rsakey.priv.pem -text
 openssl rsa -in rsakey-passwd.priv.pem -text -inform pem -passin pass:secret
 openssl rsa -in rsakey.pub.der -pubin -text -inform der
 openssl rsa -in rsakey.pub.pem -pubin -text 

=head2 Keys generated by OpenSSL

Generate keys:

 openssl genrsa -out rsakey.priv.pem 1024
 openssl rsa -in rsakey.priv.pem -out rsakey.priv.der -outform der
 openssl rsa -in rsakey.priv.pem -out rsakey.pub.pem -pubout
 openssl rsa -in rsakey.priv.pem -out rsakey.pub.der -outform der -pubout
 openssl rsa -in rsakey.priv.pem -passout pass:secret -des3 -out rsakey-passwd.priv.pem

Load keys (Perl code):

 use Crypt::PK::RSA;
 use File::Slurp 'write_file';

 my $pkrsa = Crypt::PK::RSA->new;
 $pkrsa->import_key("rsakey.pub.der");
 $pkrsa->import_key("rsakey.priv.der");
 $pkrsa->import_key("rsakey.pub.pem");
 $pkrsa->import_key("rsakey.priv.pem");
 $pkrsa->import_key("rsakey-passwd.priv.pem", "secret");

=head1 SEE ALSO

=over

=item * L<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RSA_%28algorithm%29|https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RSA_%28algorithm%29>

=back