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# Picocli Shell JLine2 - build interactive shells with ease
Picocli Shell JLine2 contains components and documentation for building
interactive shell command line applications with JLine 2 and picocli.
JLine and picocli complement each other very well and have little or none functional overlap.
JLine provides interactive shell functionality but has no built-in command line parsing functionality.
What it does provide is a tokenizer for splitting a single command line String into an array of command line argument Strings.
Given an array of Strings, picocli can execute a command or subcommand.
Combining these two libraries makes it easy to build powerful interactive shell applications.
## About JLine 2
[JLine 2](https://github.com/jline/jline2) is a well-known library for building interactive shell applications.
From the JLine [web site](https://github.com/jline/jline.github.io/blob/master/index.md):
> JLine is a Java library for handling console input. It is similar in functionality to [BSD editline](http://www.thrysoee.dk/editline/) and [GNU readline](http://www.gnu.org/s/readline/) but with additional features that bring it in par with [ZSH line editor](http://zsh.sourceforge.net/Doc/Release/Zsh-Line-Editor.html).
## About picocli
Picocli is a Java command line parser with both an annotations API and a programmatic API, featuring usage help with ANSI colors, autocomplete and nested subcommands.
The picocli user manual is [here](https://picocli.info), and the GitHub project is [here](https://github.com/remkop/picocli).
## Command Completer
`PicocliJLineCompleter` is a small component that generates completion candidates to allow users to
get command line TAB auto-completion for a picocli-based application running in a JLine 2 shell.
## Maven
```xml
<dependency>
<groupId>info.picocli</groupId>
<artifactId>picocli-shell-jline2</artifactId>
<version>4.6.2</version>
</dependency>
```
## Example
```java
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.util.concurrent.Callable;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import jline.console.ConsoleReader;
import jline.console.completer.ArgumentCompleter.ArgumentList;
import jline.console.completer.ArgumentCompleter.WhitespaceArgumentDelimiter;
import picocli.CommandLine;
import picocli.CommandLine.Command;
import picocli.CommandLine.IFactory;
import picocli.CommandLine.Model.CommandSpec;
import picocli.CommandLine.Option;
import picocli.CommandLine.ParentCommand;
import picocli.CommandLine.Spec;
import picocli.shell.jline2.PicocliJLineCompleter;
/**
* Example that demonstrates how to build an interactive shell with JLine and picocli.
* @since 3.7
*/
public class Example {
/**
* Top-level command that just prints help.
*/
@Command(name = "", description = "Example interactive shell with completion",
footer = {"", "Press Ctrl-C to exit."},
subcommands = {MyCommand.class, ClearScreen.class, ReadInteractive.class})
static class CliCommands implements Runnable {
final ConsoleReader reader;
final PrintWriter out;
@Spec
private CommandSpec spec;
CliCommands(ConsoleReader reader) {
this.reader = reader;
out = new PrintWriter(reader.getOutput());
}
public void run() {
out.println(spec.commandLine().getUsageMessage());
}
}
/**
* A command with some options to demonstrate completion.
*/
@Command(name = "cmd", mixinStandardHelpOptions = true, version = "1.0",
description = "Command with some options to demonstrate TAB-completion" +
" (note that enum values also get completed)")
static class MyCommand implements Runnable {
@Option(names = {"-v", "--verbose"})
private boolean[] verbosity = {};
@Option(names = {"-d", "--duration"})
private int amount;
@Option(names = {"-u", "--timeUnit"})
private TimeUnit unit;
@ParentCommand CliCommands parent;
public void run() {
if (verbosity.length > 0) {
parent.out.printf("Hi there. You asked for %d %s.%n", amount, unit);
} else {
parent.out.println("hi!");
}
}
}
/**
* Command that clears the screen.
*/
@Command(name = "cls", aliases = "clear", mixinStandardHelpOptions = true,
description = "Clears the screen", version = "1.0")
static class ClearScreen implements Callable<Void> {
@ParentCommand CliCommands parent;
public Void call() throws IOException {
parent.reader.clearScreen();
return null;
}
}
/**
* Command that optionally reads and password interactively.
*/
@Command(name = "pwd", mixinStandardHelpOptions = true,
description = "Interactivly reads a password", version = "1.0")
static class ReadInteractive implements Callable<Void> {
@Option(names = {"-p"}, parameterConsumer = InteractiveParameterConsumer.class)
private String password;
@ParentCommand CliCommands parent;
public Void call() throws Exception {
if(password == null) {
parent.out.println("No password prompted");
} else {
parent.out.println("Password is '" + password + "'");
}
return null;
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
// JLine 2 does not detect some terminal as not ANSI compatible (e.g Eclipse Console)
// See : https://github.com/jline/jline2/issues/185
// This is an optional workaround which allow to use picocli heuristic instead :
if (!Help.Ansi.AUTO.enabled() && //
Configuration.getString(TerminalFactory.JLINE_TERMINAL, TerminalFactory.AUTO).toLowerCase()
.equals(TerminalFactory.AUTO)) {
TerminalFactory.configure(Type.NONE);
}
try {
ConsoleReader reader = new ConsoleReader();
IFactory factory = new CustomFactory(new InteractiveParameterConsumer(reader));
// set up the completion
CliCommands commands = new CliCommands(reader);
CommandLine cmd = new CommandLine(commands, factory);
reader.addCompleter(new PicocliJLineCompleter(cmd.getCommandSpec()));
// start the shell and process input until the user quits with Ctrl-D
String line;
while ((line = reader.readLine("prompt> ")) != null) {
ArgumentList list = new WhitespaceArgumentDelimiter()
.delimit(line, line.length());
new CommandLine(commands, factory)
.execute(list.getArguments());
}
} catch (Throwable t) {
t.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
```
```java
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Stack;
import jline.console.ConsoleReader;
import picocli.CommandLine;
import picocli.CommandLine.IParameterConsumer;
import picocli.CommandLine.Model.ArgSpec;
import picocli.CommandLine.Model.CommandSpec;
import picocli.CommandLine.Option;
import picocli.CommandLine.Parameters;
/**
* <p>A parameter consumer for interactively entering a value (e.g. a password).
* <p>Similar to {@link Option#interactive()} and {@link Parameters#interactive()}.
* Picocli's interactive and JLine's {@link ConsoleReader} do not work well together.
* Thus delegating reading input to {@link ConsoleReader} should be preferred.
* @since 4.0
*/
public class InteractiveParameterConsumer implements IParameterConsumer {
private final ConsoleReader reader;
public InteractiveParameterConsumer(ConsoleReader reader) {
this.reader = reader;
}
public void consumeParameters(Stack<String> args, ArgSpec argSpec, CommandSpec commandSpec) {
try {
argSpec.setValue(reader.readLine(String
.format("Enter %s: ", argSpec.paramLabel()), '\0'));
} catch (IOException e) {
throw new CommandLine.ParameterException(commandSpec.commandLine()
, "Error while reading interactively", e, argSpec, "");
}
}
}
```
```java
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;
import picocli.CommandLine;
import picocli.CommandLine.IFactory;
/**
* <p>Can serve for {@link #create(Class)} from a list of given instances or
* delegates to a {@link CommandLine#defaultFactory()} if no objects for class
* available.
* <p>Usually this would be done with
* <a href="https://picocli.info/#_dependency_injection">dependency injection</a>.
* @since 4.0
* @see <a href="https://picocli.info/#_dependency_injection">https://picocli.info/#_dependency_injection</a>
*/
public class CustomFactory implements IFactory {
private final IFactory factory = CommandLine.defaultFactory();
private final List<Object> instances;
public CustomFactory(Object... instances) {
this.instances = Arrays.asList(instances);
}
public <K> K create(Class<K> cls) throws Exception {
for(Object obj : instances) {
if(cls.isAssignableFrom(obj.getClass())) {
return cls.cast(obj);
}
}
return factory.create(cls);
}
}
```