/*
* @(#)AbacusE.c
*
* Copyright 2017 David A. Bagley, bagleyd AT verizon.net
*
* Abacus examples
* All rights reserved.
*
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software and
* its documentation for any purpose and without fee is hereby granted,
* provided that the above copyright notice appear in all copies and
* that both that copyright notice and this permission notice appear in
* supporting documentation, and that the name of the author not be
* used in advertising or publicity pertaining to distribution of the
* software without specific, written prior permission.
*
* This program is distributed in the hope that it will be "useful",
* but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
* MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
*/
/* Method to handle the fallback demo for Abacus */
#include "AbacusP.h"
const char *bookTextFallback[1][LINES] =
{
{
" Abacus Demo by Luis Fernandes and David Bagley",
"Type: `r' to Read this book",
" `n' to Next book",
" `q' to Quit the demo",
},
};
const char *chapterTextFallback[1][5][LINES] =
{
{
{
" 1. Increment Chapter",
"Type: `r' to Read this chapter",
" `n' to Next chapter",
" `q' to Quit the demo",
}, {
" 2. Decrement Chapter",
"Type: `r' to Read this chapter",
" `n' to Next chapter",
" `q' to Quit the demo",
}, {
" 3. Addition Chapter",
"Type: `r' to Read this chapter",
" `n' to Next chapter",
" `q' to Quit the demo",
}, {
" 4. Subtraction Chapter",
"Type: `r' to Read this chapter",
" `n' to Next chapter",
" `q' to Quit the demo",
}, {
" 5. Multiplication Chapter",
"Type: `r' to Read this chapter",
" `n' to Next chapter",
" `q' to Quit the demo",
/*}, {
" 6. Division Chapter",
"Type: `r' to Read this chapter",
" `n' to Next chapter",
" `q' to Quit the demo",
}, {
" 7. Square Root Chapter",
"Type: `r' to Read this chapter",
" `n' to Next chapter",
" `q' to Quit the demo",
}, {
" 8. Cube Root Chapter",
"Type: `r' to Read this chapter",
" `n' to Next chapter",
" `q' to Quit the demo",*/
},
},
};
unsigned int
getFallbackBooks(void) {
return 1;
}
unsigned int
getFallbackEditions(void) {
return 4;
}
unsigned int
getFallbackChapters(void) {
return 5;
}
/* bad kludge, but next one worse */
unsigned int
getFallbackLessons(unsigned int chapter) {
if (chapter == 0)
return 2;
else
return 1;
}
unsigned int
getFallbackMoves(unsigned int edition, unsigned int chapter, unsigned int lesson) {
if (edition == 0) { /* cn */
if (chapter == 0)
if (lesson == 0)
return 41;
else
return 31;
else if (chapter == 1)
return 29;
else if (chapter == 2)
return 16;
else if (chapter == 3)
return 7;
else if (chapter == 4)
return 14;
} else if (edition == 1) { /* jp */
if (chapter == 0)
if (lesson == 0)
return 35;
else
return 28;
else if (chapter == 1)
return 29;
else if (chapter == 2)
return 13;
else if (chapter == 3)
return 7;
else if (chapter == 4)
return 14;
} else if (edition == 2) { /* ko */
if (chapter == 0)
if (lesson == 0)
return 39;
else
return 30;
else if (chapter == 1)
return 29;
else if (chapter == 2)
return 13;
else if (chapter == 3)
return 7;
else if (chapter == 4)
return 14;
} else if (edition == 3) { /* ru */
if (chapter == 0)
if (lesson == 0)
return 31;
else
return 20;
else if (chapter == 1)
return 24;
else if (chapter == 2)
return 12;
else if (chapter == 3)
return 7;
else if (chapter == 4)
return 11;
}
return 41;
}
const char *lessonTextFallback[1][4][5][2][41][LINES + 1] =
{{{
/* chineseLesson, *//* Medieval also */
{{{
"0 0 0 0 4",
"Lesson1.1: Counting from 1 to 20 for Chinese Abacus or Medieval Counter",
"The beads will move at each step with an",
"appropriate explanation in this window.",
"Press Space-bar to Begin, press q to Exit",
}, {
"0 0 0 1 4",
"Lesson1.1: Counting",
"1",
"",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 0 1 4",
"Lesson1.1: Counting",
"2",
"",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 0 1 4",
"Lesson1.1: Counting",
"3",
"",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 0 1 4",
"Lesson1.1: Counting",
"4",
"",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 0 1 4",
"Lesson1.1: Counting",
"5",
"(We're not done yet...)",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 0 0 4",
"Lesson1.1: Counting",
"It gets a bit tricky here. A carry to the upper-deck, and",
"a reset of the lower deck will complete counting 5.",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 1 0 1 4",
"Lesson1.1: Counting",
"5 (pending operation)",
"Carry-over to Upper-deck...",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 0 -5 4",
"Lesson1.1: Counting",
"5",
"...and Reset Lower-deck...",
"Press Space-bar",
}, {
"0 0 0 0 4",
"Lesson1.1: Counting",
"This is 5. In reality, the 5th bead is never moved, the",
"carry-reset operation is performed in one motion.",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 0 1 4",
"Lesson1.1: Counting",
"6",
"",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 0 1 4",
"Lesson1.1: Counting",
"7",
"",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 0 1 4",
"Lesson1.1: Counting",
"8",
"",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 0 1 4",
"Lesson1.1: Counting",
"9",
"",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 0 1 4",
"Lesson1.1: Counting",
"10",
"(pending operation)",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 1 0 1 4",
"Lesson1.1: Counting",
"10 (pending operation)",
"Carry-over to Upper-deck...",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 0 -5 4",
"Lesson1.1: Counting",
"10 (pending operation)",
"...Reset Lower-deck...",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 1 1 4",
"Lesson1.1: Counting",
"10",
"Carry-over to Previous Column",
"Press Space-bar",
}, {
"0 1 0 -2 4",
"Lesson1.1: Counting",
"10",
"Reset Upper-deck...",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 0 0 4",
"Lesson1.1: Counting",
"Counting 10 was similar to counting 5, with the",
"addition of the extra carry to the Previous Column",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 0 1 4",
"Lesson1.1: Counting",
"11",
"",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 0 1 4",
"Lesson1.1: Counting",
"12",
"",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 0 1 4",
"Lesson1.1: Counting",
"13",
"",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 0 1 4",
"Lesson1.1: Counting",
"14",
"",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 0 -4 4",
"Lesson1.1: Counting",
"15 (pending operation)",
"Reset Bottom-deck...",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 1 0 1 4",
"Lesson1.1: Counting",
"15",
"...Carry-over to Upper-deck.",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 0 1 4",
"Lesson1.1: Counting",
"16",
"",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 0 1 4",
"Lesson1.1: Counting",
"17",
"",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 0 1 4",
"Lesson1.1: Counting",
"18",
"",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 0 1 4",
"Lesson1.1: Counting",
"19",
"",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 0 1 4",
"Lesson1.1: Counting",
"20",
"",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 1 0 1 4",
"Lesson1.1: Counting",
"20 (pending operation)",
"Carry-over to the Upper-deck...",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 0 -5 4",
"Lesson1.1: Counting",
"20 (pending operation)",
"...Reset Lower-deck...",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 1 1 4",
"Lesson1.1: Counting",
"20 (pending operation)",
"...Carry-over To The Previous Column.",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 1 0 -2 4",
"Lesson1.1: Counting",
"20",
"...And Reset Upper-deck...",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 1 -2 4",
"Lesson1.1: End",
"And now, some conclusions...",
"",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 0 0 4",
"Conclusion:",
"Each of the 2 beads on the upper-deck has a value of 5.",
"Each of the 5 beads on the lower-deck has a value of 1.",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 0 0 4",
"Conclusion: (continued)",
"Counting 5 beads on the lower deck requires a carry of",
"1 bead to the upper-deck.",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 0 0 4",
"Conclusion: (continued)",
"Counting 2 beads on the upper deck requires a carry of",
"1 bead on the lower-deck of the previous column.",
"Press Space-bar",
}, {
"0 0 0 0 4",
"Conclusion: (continued)",
"Every column to the left of one's column is an",
"order of magnitude greater.",
"Press Space-bar",
}, {
"0 0 0 0 4",
"Conclusion: (End)",
"Columns to the right of the one's column are used",
"for calculations involving decimals.",
"Press Space-bar"
}}, {{
"0 0 0 0 4",
"Lesson 1.2: Counting by 2's to 30 for Chinese Abacus or Medieval Counter",
"The beads will move at each step with an",
"appropriate explanation in this window.",
"Press Space-bar",
}, {
"0 0 0 2 4",
"Lesson 1.2 Counting by 2's",
"2",
"",
"Press Space-bar",
}, {
"0 0 0 2 4",
"Lesson 1.2 Counting by 2's",
"4",
"",
"Press Space-bar",
}, {
"0 0 0 1 4",
"Lesson 1.2 Counting by 2's",
"6",
"(We're not done yet...) ",
"Press Space-bar",
}, {
"0 0 0 -5 4",
"Lesson 1.2 Counting by 2's",
"6",
"must take away five and...",
"Press Space-bar",
}, {
"0 1 0 1 4",
"Lesson 1.2 Counting by 2's",
"add a bead of value 5 from top deck...",
"6",
"Press Space-bar",
}, {
"0 0 0 1 4",
"Lesson 1.2 Counting by 2's",
"then add one.",
"6",
"Press Space-bar",
}, {
"0 0 0 2 4",
"Lesson 1.2 Counting by 2's",
"8",
"",
"Press Space-bar",
}, {
"0 0 0 2 4",
"Lesson 1.2 Counting by 2's",
"10",
"Correct but not done yet...",
"Press Space-bar",
}, {
"0 0 0 -5 4",
"Lesson 1.2 Counting by 2's",
"10 ... Hold on...",
"",
"Press Space-bar",
}, {
"0 1 0 1 4",
"Lesson 1.2 Counting by 2's",
"10",
"Correct but still not done yet...",
"Press Space-bar",
}, {
"0 1 0 -2 4",
"Lesson 1.2 Counting by 2's",
"... Hold on again...",
"10",
"Press Space-bar",
}, {
"0 0 1 1 4",
"Lesson 1.2 Counting by 2's",
"10",
"OK now we can move on",
"Press Space-bar",
}, {
"0 0 0 2 4",
"Lesson 1.2 Counting by 2's",
"12",
"",
"Press Space-bar",
}, {
"0 0 0 2 4",
"Lesson 1.2 Counting by 2's",
"14",
"",
"Press Space-bar",
}, {
"0 0 0 -4 4",
"Lesson 1.2 Counting by 2's",
"16 Taking a short cut",
"Add 2 by taking away 4 and adding 6",
"Press Space-bar",
}, {
"0 1 0 1 4",
"Lesson 1.2 Counting by 2's",
"Adding 5 ",
"16 Continued...",
"Press Space-bar",
}, {
"0 0 0 1 4",
"Lesson 1.2 Counting by 2's",
"Finish adding 6 by adding 1",
"16",
"Press Space-bar",
}, {
"0 0 0 2 4",
"Lesson 1.2 Counting by 2's",
"18",
"",
"Press Space-bar",
}, {
"0 0 0 -3 4",
"Lesson 1.2 Counting by 2's",
"20 Taking a short cut",
"Add 2 by taking away 8 and adding 10",
"Press Space-bar",
}, {
"0 1 0 -1 4",
"Lesson 1.2 Counting by 2's",
"20",
"Finish taking away 8",
"Press Space-bar",
}, {
"0 0 1 1 4",
"Lesson 1.2 Counting by 2's",
"Now add 10 for",
"20",
"Press Space-bar",
}, {
"0 0 0 2 4",
"Lesson 1.2 Counting by 2's",
"22",
"",
"Press Space-bar",
}, {
"0 0 0 2 4",
"Lesson 1.2 Counting by 2's",
"24",
"",
"Press Space-bar",
}, {
"0 0 0 -4 4",
"Lesson 1.2 Counting by 2's",
"26 Remember short cut...",
"",
"Press Space-bar",
}, {
"0 1 0 1 4",
"Lesson 1.2 Counting by 2's",
"26 Still calculating...",
"",
"Press Space-bar",
}, {
"0 0 0 1 4",
"Lesson 1.2 Counting by 2's",
"26",
"",
"Press Space-bar",
}, {
"0 0 0 2 4",
"Lesson 1.2 Counting by 2's",
"28",
"",
"Press Space-bar",
}, {
"0 0 0 -3 4",
"Lesson 1.2 Counting by 2's",
"30 Short cut again...",
"",
"Press Space-bar",
}, {
"0 1 0 -1 4",
"Lesson 1.2 Counting by 2's",
"30 ... not done yet",
"",
"Press Space-bar",
}, {
"0 0 1 1 4",
"Lesson 1.2 Counting by 2's",
"30 Done!",
"",
"Press Space-bar"
}}}, {{{
"0 0 0 0 4",
"Lesson 2.1: Counting down from 19 to 0 for Chinese Abacus or Medieval Counter",
"The beads will move at each step with an",
"appropriate explanation in this window.",
"Press Space-bar to Begin, press q to Exit",
}, {
"0 0 1 1 4",
"Lesson 2.1: Counting Down",
"One bead in 10ths column",
"10 ",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 1 0 1 4",
"Lesson 2.1: Counting Down",
"Plus one bead in 5ths column",
"15",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 0 4 4",
"Lesson 2.1: Counting Down",
"Plus 4 beads in ones column",
"19 ok now we are ready to start",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 0 -1 4",
"Lesson 2.1: Counting Down",
"Move one bead down to get",
"18",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 0 -1 4",
"Lesson 2.1: Counting Down",
"17",
"",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 0 -1 4",
"Lesson 2.1: Counting Down",
"16",
"",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 0 -1 4",
"Lesson 2.1: Counting Down",
"15",
"",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 1 0 -1 4",
"Lesson 2.1: Counting Down",
"14 Subtract 5 from top deck by moving",
"it up (but we are not done yet...)",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 0 4 4",
"Lesson 2.1: Counting Down",
"add 4 to get...",
"14",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 0 -1 4",
"Lesson 2.1: Counting Down",
"13",
"",
"Press Space-bar",
}, {
"0 0 0 -1 4",
"Lesson 2.1: Counting Down",
"12",
"",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 0 -1 4",
"Lesson 2.1: Counting Down",
"11",
"",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 0 -1 4",
"Lesson 2.1: Counting Down",
"10",
"",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 1 -1 4",
"Lesson 2.1: Counting Down",
"9 Subtract the tens place out",
"but we are not done yet...",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 1 0 1 4",
"Lesson 2.1: Counting Down",
"9 Adding 5 + 4 back in so first",
"the 5... (pending operation)",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 0 4 4",
"Lesson 2.1: Counting Down",
"Adding the 4 in to get",
"9",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 0 -1 4",
"Lesson 2.1: Counting Down",
"8",
"",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 0 -1 4",
"Lesson 2.1: Counting Down",
"7",
"",
"Press Space-bar",
}, {
"0 0 0 -1 4",
"Lesson 2.1: Counting Down",
"6",
"",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 0 -1 4",
"Lesson 2.1: Counting Down",
"5",
"",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 1 0 -1 4",
"Lesson 2.1: Counting Down",
"4 but wait now...",
"(pending opertation)",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 0 4 4",
"Lesson 2.1: Counting Down",
"Add four to get",
"4",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 0 -1 4",
"Lesson 2.1: Counting Down",
"3",
"",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 0 -1 4",
"Lesson 2.1: Counting Down",
"2",
"",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 0 -1 4",
"Lesson 2.1: Counting Down",
"1",
"",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 0 -1 4",
"Lesson 2.1: Counting Down",
"0",
"Done.",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 0 0 4",
"Conclusion:",
"When subtracting 1 from 10",
"you take away 10 and add 9.",
"Press Space-bar",
}, {
"0 0 0 0 4",
"Conclusion: (End)",
"When subtracting 1 from 5",
"you take away 5 and add 4.",
"Press Space-bar"
}}}, {{{
"0 0 0 0 4",
"Lesson 3.1: Addition",
"This Lesson demonstrates 2 addition problems:",
"6+5 & 23+9",
"Press Space-bar to Begin, press q to Exit",
}, {
"0 1 0 1 4",
"Lesson 3.1: Addition (6+5)",
"We Represent 6 by Adding 5...",
"(pending operation)",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 0 1 4",
"Lesson 3.1: Addition (6+5)",
"...and 1.",
"(This is 6)",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 1 0 1 4",
"Lesson 3.1: Addition (6+5)",
"Adding the 5...",
"(Requires a Carry)...",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 1 1 4",
"Lesson 3.1: Addition (6+5)",
"...So We Carry to the Previous Column...",
"(The ten's Column)",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 1 0 -2 4",
"Lesson 3.1: Addition (6+5)",
"...We Reset The Upper-deck and Obtain The Answer.",
"10 in the Previous Column + 1 in the Current= 11.",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 1 -1 4",
"Lesson 3.1: Addition",
"That was a Straight-forward Example...",
"",
"Press Space-bar",
}, {
"0 0 0 -1 4",
"Lesson 3.1: Addition",
"The following one is a bit more complicated.",
"So, pay attention...",
"Press Space-bar to Begin",
}, {
"0 0 1 2 4",
"Lesson 3.1: Addition (23+9)",
"20... (begin to represent 23)",
"",
"Press Space-bar",
}, {
"0 0 0 3 4",
"Lesson 3.1: Addition (23+9)",
"...+3, represents 23.",
"",
"Press Space-bar",
}, {
"0 1 0 2 4",
"Lesson 3.1: Addition (23+9)",
"Represent 9 as +10 -1. So, 2 Beads on upper-deck= 10...",
"(pending carry to the ten's column)",
"Press Space-bar",
}, {
"0 0 1 1 4",
"Lesson 3.1: Addition (23+9)",
"...carry to ten's column...",
"",
"Press Space-bar",
}, {
"0 1 0 -2 4",
"Lesson 3.1: Addition (23+9)",
"Reset Upper-deck of Current-column...",
"(Pending the `-1' of +10-1= +9)",
"Press Space-bar",
}, {
"0 0 0 -1 4",
"Lesson 3.1: Addition (23+9)",
"... -1 (Current-column) completes +9",
"Resulting in the answer: 32",
"Press Space-bar",
}, {
"0 0 0 0 4",
"Conclusion: (continued)",
"To perform addition, move beads towards the",
"position-beam; to subtract, move beads away from it.",
"Press Space-bar",
}, {
"0 0 0 0 4",
"Conclusion: (End)",
"To gain proficiency in using the abacus, practice !",
"",
"Press Space-bar"
}}}, {{{
"0 0 0 0 4",
"Lesson 4.1: Subtraction",
"This Lesson demonstrates subtracting 7 from 11",
"",
"Press Space-bar to Begin, press q to Exit",
}, {
"0 0 1 1 4",
"Lesson 4.1: Subtraction (11-7)",
"First Represent 11 as 10...",
"(pending operation)",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 0 1 4",
"Lesson 4.1: Subtraction (11-7)",
"...and 1.",
"(This is 11)",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 0 0 4",
"Lesson 4.1: Subtraction (11-7)",
"We Represent -7 as -10+3, so...",
"",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 1 -1 4",
"Lesson 4.1: Subtraction (11-7)",
"-10 ...",
"(pending operation +3)",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 0 3 4",
"Lesson 4.1: Subtraction (11-7)",
"...+3 Completes The Operation",
"The Answer is +4.",
"Press Space-bar",
}, {
"0 0 0 0 4",
"Conclusion: (End)",
"To perform addition, move beads towards the",
"position-beam; to subtract, move beads away from it.",
"Press Space-bar"
}}}, {{{
"0 0 0 0 4",
"Lesson 5.1: Multiplication",
"This Lesson demonstrates multiplying 23 * 42",
"",
"Press Space-bar to Begin, press q to Exit",
}, {
"1 0 1 2 4",
"Lesson 5.1: Multiplcation (23*42)",
"First Represent 23 as 20...",
"(pending operation)",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"1 0 0 3 4",
"Lesson 5.1: Multiplication (23*42)",
"...and 3.",
"(This is 23)",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"2 0 1 4 4",
"Lesson 5.1: Multiplication (23*42)",
"We Represent 4 as 40, so...",
"(pending operation)",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"2 0 0 2 4",
"Lesson 5.1: Multiplication (23*42)",
"...and 2.",
"(This is 42)",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 2 1 4",
"Lesson 5.1: Multiplication (23*42)",
"3*4=12",
"Add 10 part of 12 as 100",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 1 2 4",
"Lesson 5.1: Multiplication (23*42)",
"Add 2 part of 12 as 20",
"(For 12)",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 1 0 1 4",
"Lesson 5.1: Multiplication (23*42)",
"3*2=6 so add a 5+1",
"5....",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 0 1 4",
"Lesson 5.1: Multiplication (23*42)",
"... 1 part",
"(For 6)",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 1 2 1 4",
"Lesson 5.1: Multiplication (23*42)",
"2*4=8",
"Add 800 as 500+300, so add 500 (for 626)",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 2 3 4",
"Lesson 5.1: Multiplication (23*42)",
"and add 300",
"(For 926)",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 1 1 1 4",
"Lesson 5.1: Multiplication (23*42)",
"2*2=4",
"So... add 40 (as 50 - 10), so first 50 part",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 1 -1 4",
"Lesson 5.1: Multiplication (23*42)",
"Add -10 part for ...",
"Result 966",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 0 0 4",
"Conclusion: (End)",
"Using the auxiliary abaci to keep the multiplicands",
"and using the primary to add up from the results.",
"Press Space-bar"
}}},
}, {
/* japaneseLesson, *//* Roman also */
{{{
"0 0 0 0 4",
"Lesson1.1: Counting from 1 to 20 for Japanese or Roman Abacus",
"The beads will move at each step with an",
"appropriate explanation in this window.",
"Press Space-bar to Begin, press q to Exit",
}, {
"0 0 0 1 4",
"Lesson1.1: Counting",
"1",
"",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 0 1 4",
"Lesson1.1: Counting",
"2",
"",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 0 1 4",
"Lesson1.1: Counting",
"3",
"",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 0 1 4",
"Lesson1.1: Counting",
"4",
"",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 0 0 4",
"Lesson1.1: Counting",
"It gets a bit tricky here. A carry to the upper-deck, and",
"a reset of the lower deck will complete counting 5.",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 1 0 1 4",
"Lesson1.1: Counting",
"5 (pending operation)",
"Carry-over to Upper-deck...",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 0 -4 4",
"Lesson1.1: Counting",
"5",
"...and Reset Lower-deck... this is 5.",
"Press Space-bar",
}, {
"0 0 0 1 4",
"Lesson1.1: Counting",
"6",
"",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 0 1 4",
"Lesson1.1: Counting",
"7",
"",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 0 1 4",
"Lesson1.1: Counting",
"8",
"",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 0 1 4",
"Lesson1.1: Counting",
"9",
"",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 1 1 4",
"Lesson1.1: Counting",
"10 (pending operation)",
"Carry-over to Previous Column...",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 0 -4 4",
"Lesson1.1: Counting",
"10 (pending operation)",
"...Reset Lower-deck...",
"Press Space-bar",
}, {
"0 1 0 -1 4",
"Lesson1.1: Counting",
"10",
"Reset Upper-deck...",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 0 0 4",
"Lesson1.1: Counting",
"Counting 10 was similar to counting 5, with the",
"addition of the extra carry to the Previous Column",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 0 1 4",
"Lesson1.1: Counting",
"11",
"",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 0 1 4",
"Lesson1.1: Counting",
"12",
"",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 0 1 4",
"Lesson1.1: Counting",
"13",
"",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 0 1 4",
"Lesson1.1: Counting",
"14",
"",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 0 -4 4",
"Lesson1.1: Counting",
"15 (pending operation)",
"Reset Bottom-deck...",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 1 0 1 4",
"Lesson1.1: Counting",
"15",
"...Carry-over to Upper-deck.",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 0 1 4",
"Lesson1.1: Counting",
"16",
"",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 0 1 4",
"Lesson1.1: Counting",
"17",
"",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 0 1 4",
"Lesson1.1: Counting",
"18",
"",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 0 1 4",
"Lesson1.1: Counting",
"19",
"",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 1 1 4",
"Lesson1.1: Counting",
"20 (pending operation)",
"...Carry-over To The Previous Column.",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 0 -4 4",
"Lesson1.1: Counting",
"20 (pending operation)",
"...Reset Lower-deck...",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 1 0 -1 4",
"Lesson1.1: Counting",
"20",
"...And Reset Upper-deck...",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 1 -2 4",
"Lesson1.1: End",
"And now, some conclusions...",
"",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 0 0 4",
"Conclusion:",
"Each bead on the upper-deck has a value of 5.",
"Each of the 4 beads on the lower-deck has a value of 1.",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 0 0 4",
"Conclusion: (continued)",
"Counting 5 beads on the lower deck requires a carry of",
"1 bead to the upper-deck.",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 0 0 4",
"Conclusion: (continued)",
"Counting 2 beads on the upper deck requires a carry of",
"1 bead on the lower-deck of the previous column.",
"Press Space-bar",
}, {
"0 0 0 0 4",
"Conclusion: (continued)",
"Every column to the left of one's column is an",
"order of magnitude greater.",
"Press Space-bar",
}, {
"0 0 0 0 4",
"Conclusion: (End)",
"Columns to the right of the one's column are used",
"for calculations involving decimals.",
"Press Space-bar"
}}, {{
"0 0 0 0 4",
"Lesson 1.2: Counting by 2's to 30 for Japanese or Roman Abacus",
"The beads will move at each step with an",
"appropriate explanation in this window.",
"Press Space-bar",
}, {
"0 0 0 2 4",
"Lesson 1.2 Counting by 2's",
"2",
"",
"Press Space-bar",
}, {
"0 0 0 2 4",
"Lesson 1.2 Counting by 2's",
"4",
"",
"Press Space-bar",
}, {
"0 0 0 -4 4",
"Lesson 1.2 Counting by 2's",
"6",
"must take away four and...",
"Press Space-bar",
}, {
"0 1 0 1 4",
"Lesson 1.2 Counting by 2's",
"add a bead of value 5 from top deck...",
"6",
"Press Space-bar",
}, {
"0 0 0 1 4",
"Lesson 1.2 Counting by 2's",
"then add one.",
"6",
"Press Space-bar",
}, {
"0 0 0 2 4",
"Lesson 1.2 Counting by 2's",
"8",
"",
"Press Space-bar",
}, {
"0 0 0 -3 4",
"Lesson 1.2 Counting by 2's",
"10 ... Hold on ...",
"",
"Press Space-bar",
}, {
"0 1 0 -1 4",
"Lesson 1.2 Counting by 2's",
"Still working on it ",
"10",
"Press Space-bar",
}, {
"0 0 1 1 4",
"Lesson 1.2 Counting by 2's",
"10",
"OK now we can move on",
"Press Space-bar",
}, {
"0 0 0 2 4",
"Lesson 1.2 Counting by 2's",
"12",
"",
"Press Space-bar",
}, {
"0 0 0 2 4",
"Lesson 1.2 Counting by 2's",
"14",
"",
"Press Space-bar",
}, {
"0 0 0 -4 4",
"Lesson 1.2 Counting by 2's",
"16 Taking a short cut",
"Add 2 by taking away 4 and adding 6",
"Press Space-bar",
}, {
"0 1 0 1 4",
"Lesson 1.2 Counting by 2's",
"Adding 5 ",
"16 Continued...",
"Press Space-bar",
}, {
"0 0 0 1 4",
"Lesson 1.2 Counting by 2's",
"Finish adding 6 by adding 1",
"16",
"Press Space-bar",
}, {
"0 0 0 2 4",
"Lesson 1.2 Counting by 2's",
"18",
"",
"Press Space-bar",
}, {
"0 0 0 -3 4",
"Lesson 1.2 Counting by 2's",
"20 Taking a short cut",
"Add 2 by taking away 8 and adding 10",
"Press Space-bar",
}, {
"0 1 0 -1 4",
"Lesson 1.2 Counting by 2's",
"20",
"Finish taking away 8",
"Press Space-bar",
}, {
"0 0 1 1 4",
"Lesson 1.2 Counting by 2's",
"Now add 10 for",
"20",
"Press Space-bar",
}, {
"0 0 0 2 4",
"Lesson 1.2 Counting by 2's",
"22",
"",
"Press Space-bar",
}, {
"0 0 0 2 4",
"Lesson 1.2 Counting by 2's",
"24",
"",
"Press Space-bar",
}, {
"0 0 0 -4 4",
"Lesson 1.2 Counting by 2's",
"26 Remember short cut...",
"",
"Press Space-bar",
}, {
"0 1 0 1 4",
"Lesson 1.2 Counting by 2's",
"26 Still calculating...",
"",
"Press Space-bar",
}, {
"0 0 0 1 4",
"Lesson 1.2 Counting by 2's",
"26",
"",
"Press Space-bar",
}, {
"0 0 0 2 4",
"Lesson 1.2 Counting by 2's",
"28",
"",
"Press Space-bar",
}, {
"0 0 0 -3 4",
"Lesson 1.2 Counting by 2's",
"30 Short cut again...",
"",
"Press Space-bar",
}, {
"0 1 0 -1 4",
"Lesson 1.2 Counting by 2's",
"30 ... not done yet",
"",
"Press Space-bar",
}, {
"0 0 1 1 4",
"Lesson 1.2 Counting by 2's",
"30 Done!",
"",
"Press Space-bar"
}}}, {{{
"0 0 0 0 4",
"Lesson 2.1: Count down from 19..0 for Japanese or Roman Abacus",
"The beads will move at each step with an",
"appropriate explanation in this window.",
"Press Space-bar to Begin, press q to Exit",
}, {
"0 0 1 1 4",
"Lesson 2.1: Counting Down",
"One bead in 10ths column",
"10 ",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 1 0 1 4",
"Lesson 2.1: Counting Down",
"Plus one bead in 5ths column",
"15",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 0 4 4",
"Lesson 2.1: Counting Down",
"Plus 4 beads in ones column",
"19 ok now we are ready to start",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 0 -1 4",
"Lesson 2.1: Counting Down",
"Move one bead down to get",
"18",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 0 -1 4",
"Lesson 2.1: Counting Down",
"17",
"",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 0 -1 4",
"Lesson 2.1: Counting Down",
"16",
"",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 0 -1 4",
"Lesson 2.1: Counting Down",
"15",
"",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 1 0 -1 4",
"Lesson 2.1: Counting Down",
"14 Subtract 5 from top deck by moving",
"it up (but we are not done yet...)",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 0 4 4",
"Lesson 2.1: Counting Down",
"add 4 to get...",
"14",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 0 -1 4",
"Lesson 2.1: Counting Down",
"13",
"",
"Press Space-bar",
}, {
"0 0 0 -1 4",
"Lesson 2.1: Counting Down",
"12",
"",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 0 -1 4",
"Lesson 2.1: Counting Down",
"11",
"",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 0 -1 4",
"Lesson 2.1: Counting Down",
"10",
"",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 1 -1 4",
"Lesson 2.1: Counting Down",
"9 Subtract the tens place out",
"but we are not done yet...",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 1 0 1 4",
"Lesson 2.1: Counting Down",
"9 Adding 5 + 4 back in so first",
"the 5... (pending operation)",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 0 4 4",
"Lesson 2.1: Counting Down",
"Adding the 4 in to get",
"9",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 0 -1 4",
"Lesson 2.1: Counting Down",
"8",
"",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 0 -1 4",
"Lesson 2.1: Counting Down",
"7",
"",
"Press Space-bar",
}, {
"0 0 0 -1 4",
"Lesson 2.1: Counting Down",
"6",
"",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 0 -1 4",
"Lesson 2.1: Counting Down",
"5",
"",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 1 0 -1 4",
"Lesson 2.1: Counting Down",
"4 but wait now...",
"(pending opertation)",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 0 4 4",
"Lesson 2.1: Counting Down",
"Add four to get",
"4",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 0 -1 4",
"Lesson 2.1: Counting Down",
"3",
"",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 0 -1 4",
"Lesson 2.1: Counting Down",
"2",
"",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 0 -1 4",
"Lesson 2.1: Counting Down",
"1",
"",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 0 -1 4",
"Lesson 2.1: Counting Down",
"0",
"Done.",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 0 0 4",
"Conclusion:",
"When subtracting 1 from 10",
"you take away 10 and add 9.",
"Press Space-bar",
}, {
"0 0 0 0 4",
"Conclusion: (End)",
"When subtracting 1 from 5",
"you take away 5 and add 4.",
"Press Space-bar"
}}}, {{{
"0 0 0 0 4",
"Lesson 3.1: Addition",
"This Lesson demonstrates 2 addition problems:",
"6+5 & 23+9",
"Press Space-bar to Begin, press q to Exit",
}, {
"0 1 0 1 4",
"Lesson 3.1: Addition (6+5)",
"We Represent 6 by Adding 5...",
"(pending operation)",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 0 1 4",
"Lesson 3.1: Addition (6+5)",
"...and 1.",
"(This is 6)",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 1 1 4",
"Lesson 3.1: Addition (6+5)",
"Adding the 5 so We Carry to the Previous Column...",
"(The ten's Column)",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 1 0 -1 4",
"Lesson 3.1: Addition (6+5)",
"...We Reset The Upper-deck and Obtain The Answer.",
"10 in the Previous Column + 1 in the Current= 11.",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 1 -1 4",
"Lesson 3.1: Addition",
"That was a Straight-forward Example...",
"",
"Press Space-bar",
}, {
"0 0 0 -1 4",
"Lesson 3.1: Addition",
"The following one is a bit more complicated.",
"So, pay attention...",
"Press Space-bar to Begin",
}, {
"0 0 1 2 4",
"Lesson 3.1: Addition (23+9)",
"20... (begin to represent 23)",
"",
"Press Space-bar",
}, {
"0 0 0 3 4",
"Lesson 3.1: Addition (23+9)",
"...+3, represents 23.",
"",
"Press Space-bar",
}, {
"0 0 1 1 4",
"Lesson 3.1: Addition (23+9)",
"Represent 9 as +10 -1.",
"So, 1 Beads on previous column= 10...",
"Press Space-bar",
}, {
"0 0 0 -1 4",
"Lesson 3.1: Addition (23+9)",
"... -1 (Current-column) completes +9",
"Resulting in the answer: 32",
"Press Space-bar",
}, {
"0 0 0 0 4",
"Conclusion: (continued)",
"To perform addition, move beads towards the",
"position-beam; to subtract, move beads away from it.",
"Press Space-bar",
}, {
"0 0 0 0 4",
"Conclusion: (End)",
"To gain proficiency in using the abacus, practice !",
"",
"Press Space-bar"
}}}, {{{
"0 0 0 0 4",
"Lesson 4.1: Subtraction",
"This Lesson demonstrates subtracting 7 from 11",
"",
"Press Space-bar to Begin, press q to Exit",
}, {
"0 0 1 1 4",
"Lesson 4.1: Subtraction (11-7)",
"First Represent 11 as 10...",
"(pending operation)",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 0 1 4",
"Lesson 4.1: Subtraction (11-7)",
"...and 1.",
"(This is 11)",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 0 0 4",
"Lesson 4.1: Subtraction (11-7)",
"We Represent -7 as -10+3, so...",
"",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 1 -1 4",
"Lesson 4.1: Subtraction (11-7)",
"-10 ...",
"(pending operation +3)",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 0 3 4",
"Lesson 4.1: Subtraction (11-7)",
"...+3 Completes The Operation",
"The Answer is +4.",
"Press Space-bar",
}, {
"0 0 0 0 4",
"Conclusion: (End)",
"To perform addition, move beads towards the",
"position-beam; to subtract, move beads away from it.",
"Press Space-bar"
}}}, {{{
"0 0 0 0 4",
"Lesson 5.1: Multiplication",
"This Lesson demonstrates multiplying 23 * 42",
"",
"Press Space-bar to Begin, press q to Exit",
}, {
"1 0 1 2 4",
"Lesson 5.1: Multiplcation (23*42)",
"First Represent 23 as 20...",
"(pending operation)",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"1 0 0 3 4",
"Lesson 5.1: Multiplication (23*42)",
"...and 3.",
"(This is 23)",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"2 0 1 4 4",
"Lesson 5.1: Multiplication (23*42)",
"We Represent 4 as 40, so...",
"(pending operation)",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"2 0 0 2 4",
"Lesson 5.1: Multiplication (23*42)",
"...and 2.",
"(This is 42)",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 2 1 4",
"Lesson 5.1: Multiplication (23*42)",
"3*4=12",
"Add 10 part of 12 as 100",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 1 2 4",
"Lesson 5.1: Multiplication (23*42)",
"Add 2 part of 12 as 20",
"(For 12)",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 1 0 1 4",
"Lesson 5.1: Multiplication (23*42)",
"3*2=6 so add a 5+1",
"5....",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 0 1 4",
"Lesson 5.1: Multiplication (23*42)",
"... 1 part",
"(For 6)",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 1 2 1 4",
"Lesson 5.1: Multiplication (23*42)",
"2*4=8",
"Add 800 as 500+300, so add 500 (for 626)",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 2 3 4",
"Lesson 5.1: Multiplication (23*42)",
"and add 300",
"(For 926)",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 1 1 1 4",
"Lesson 5.1: Multiplication (23*42)",
"2*2=4",
"So... add 40 (as 50 - 10), so first 50 part",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 1 -1 4",
"Lesson 5.1: Multiplication (23*42)",
"Add -10 part for ...",
"Result 966",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 0 0 4",
"Conclusion: (End)",
"Using the auxiliary abaci to keep the multiplicands",
"and using the primary to add up from the results.",
"Press Space-bar"
}}},
}, {
/* koreanLesson, */
{{{
"0 0 0 0 4",
"Lesson1.1: Counting from 1 to 20 for Korean Abacus",
"The beads will move at each step with an",
"appropriate explanation in this window.",
"Press Space-bar to Begin, press q to Exit",
}, {
"0 0 0 1 4",
"Lesson1.1: Counting",
"1",
"",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 0 1 4",
"Lesson1.1: Counting",
"2",
"",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 0 1 4",
"Lesson1.1: Counting",
"3",
"",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 0 1 4",
"Lesson1.1: Counting",
"4",
"",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 0 1 4",
"Lesson1.1: Counting",
"5",
"(We're not done yet...)",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 0 0 4",
"Lesson1.1: Counting",
"It gets a bit tricky here. A carry to the upper-deck, and",
"a reset of the lower deck will complete counting 5.",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 1 0 1 4",
"Lesson1.1: Counting",
"5 (pending operation)",
"Carry-over to Upper-deck...",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 0 -5 4",
"Lesson1.1: Counting",
"5",
"...and Reset Lower-deck...",
"Press Space-bar",
}, {
"0 0 0 0 4",
"Lesson1.1: Counting",
"This is 5. In reality, the 5th bead is never moved, the",
"carry-reset operation is performed in one motion.",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 0 1 4",
"Lesson1.1: Counting",
"6",
"",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 0 1 4",
"Lesson1.1: Counting",
"7",
"",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 0 1 4",
"Lesson1.1: Counting",
"8",
"",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 0 1 4",
"Lesson1.1: Counting",
"9",
"",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 0 1 4",
"Lesson1.1: Counting",
"10",
"(pending operation)",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 1 1 4",
"Lesson1.1: Counting",
"10",
"Carry-over to Previous Column",
"Press Space-bar",
}, {
"0 0 0 -5 4",
"Lesson1.1: Counting",
"10 (pending operation)",
"...Reset Lower-deck...",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 1 0 -1 4",
"Lesson1.1: Counting",
"10",
"Reset Upper-deck...",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 0 0 4",
"Lesson1.1: Counting",
"Counting 10 was similar to counting 5, with the",
"addition of the extra carry to the Previous Column",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 0 1 4",
"Lesson1.1: Counting",
"11",
"",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 0 1 4",
"Lesson1.1: Counting",
"12",
"",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 0 1 4",
"Lesson1.1: Counting",
"13",
"",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 0 1 4",
"Lesson1.1: Counting",
"14",
"",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 0 -4 4",
"Lesson1.1: Counting",
"15 (pending operation)",
"Reset Bottom-deck...",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 1 0 1 4",
"Lesson1.1: Counting",
"15",
"...Carry-over to Upper-deck.",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 0 1 4",
"Lesson1.1: Counting",
"16",
"",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 0 1 4",
"Lesson1.1: Counting",
"17",
"",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 0 1 4",
"Lesson1.1: Counting",
"18",
"",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 0 1 4",
"Lesson1.1: Counting",
"19",
"",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 0 1 4",
"Lesson1.1: Counting",
"20",
"",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 1 1 4",
"20 (pending operation)",
"...Carry-over To The Previous Column.",
"Carry-over to the Upper-deck...",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 0 -5 4",
"Lesson1.1: Counting",
"20 (pending operation)",
"...Reset Lower-deck...",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 1 0 -1 4",
"Lesson1.1: Counting",
"20",
"...And Reset Upper-deck...",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 1 -2 4",
"Lesson1.1: End",
"And now, some conclusions...",
"",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 0 0 4",
"Conclusion:",
"Each bead on the upper-deck has a value of 5.",
"Each of the 5 beads on the lower-deck has a value of 1.",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 0 0 4",
"Conclusion: (continued)",
"Counting 5 beads on the lower deck requires a carry of",
"1 bead to the upper-deck.",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 0 0 4",
"Conclusion: (continued)",
"Counting 2 beads on the upper deck requires a carry of",
"1 bead on the lower-deck of the previous column.",
"Press Space-bar",
}, {
"0 0 0 0 4",
"Conclusion: (continued)",
"Every column to the left of one's column is an",
"order of magnitude greater.",
"Press Space-bar",
}, {
"0 0 0 0 4",
"Conclusion: (End)",
"Columns to the right of the one's column are used",
"for calculations involving decimals.",
"Press Space-bar"
}}, {{
"0 0 0 0 4",
"Lesson 1.2: Counting by 2's to 30 for Korean Abacus",
"The beads will move at each step with an",
"appropriate explanation in this window.",
"Press Space-bar",
}, {
"0 0 0 2 4",
"Lesson 1.2 Counting by 2's",
"2",
"",
"Press Space-bar",
}, {
"0 0 0 2 4",
"Lesson 1.2 Counting by 2's",
"4",
"",
"Press Space-bar",
}, {
"0 0 0 1 4",
"Lesson 1.2 Counting by 2's",
"6",
"(We're not done yet...) ",
"Press Space-bar",
}, {
"0 0 0 -5 4",
"Lesson 1.2 Counting by 2's",
"6",
"must take away five and...",
"Press Space-bar",
}, {
"0 1 0 1 4",
"Lesson 1.2 Counting by 2's",
"add a bead of value 5 from top deck...",
"6",
"Press Space-bar",
}, {
"0 0 0 1 4",
"Lesson 1.2 Counting by 2's",
"then add one.",
"6",
"Press Space-bar",
}, {
"0 0 0 2 4",
"Lesson 1.2 Counting by 2's",
"8",
"",
"Press Space-bar",
}, {
"0 0 0 2 4",
"Lesson 1.2 Counting by 2's",
"10",
"Correct but not done yet...",
"Press Space-bar",
}, {
"0 0 0 -5 4",
"Lesson 1.2 Counting by 2's",
"10 ... Hold on ...",
"",
"Press Space-bar",
}, {
"0 1 0 -1 4",
"Lesson 1.2 Counting by 2's",
"Still working on it ",
"10",
"Press Space-bar",
}, {
"0 0 1 1 4",
"Lesson 1.2 Counting by 2's",
"10",
"OK now we can move on",
"Press Space-bar",
}, {
"0 0 0 2 4",
"Lesson 1.2 Counting by 2's",
"12",
"",
"Press Space-bar",
}, {
"0 0 0 2 4",
"Lesson 1.2 Counting by 2's",
"14",
"",
"Press Space-bar",
}, {
"0 0 0 -4 4",
"Lesson 1.2 Counting by 2's",
"16 Taking a short cut",
"Add 2 by taking away 4 and adding 6",
"Press Space-bar",
}, {
"0 1 0 1 4",
"Lesson 1.2 Counting by 2's",
"Adding 5 ",
"16 Continued...",
"Press Space-bar",
}, {
"0 0 0 1 4",
"Lesson 1.2 Counting by 2's",
"Finish adding 6 by adding 1",
"16",
"Press Space-bar",
}, {
"0 0 0 2 4",
"Lesson 1.2 Counting by 2's",
"18",
"",
"Press Space-bar",
}, {
"0 0 0 -3 4",
"Lesson 1.2 Counting by 2's",
"20 Taking a short cut",
"Add 2 by taking away 8 and adding 10",
"Press Space-bar",
}, {
"0 1 0 -1 4",
"Lesson 1.2 Counting by 2's",
"20",
"Finish taking away 8",
"Press Space-bar",
}, {
"0 0 1 1 4",
"Lesson 1.2 Counting by 2's",
"Now add 10 for",
"20",
"Press Space-bar",
}, {
"0 0 0 2 4",
"Lesson 1.2 Counting by 2's",
"22",
"",
"Press Space-bar",
}, {
"0 0 0 2 4",
"Lesson 1.2 Counting by 2's",
"24",
"",
"Press Space-bar",
}, {
"0 0 0 -4 4",
"Lesson 1.2 Counting by 2's",
"26 Remember short cut...",
"",
"Press Space-bar",
}, {
"0 1 0 1 4",
"Lesson 1.2 Counting by 2's",
"26 Still calculating...",
"",
"Press Space-bar",
}, {
"0 0 0 1 4",
"Lesson 1.2 Counting by 2's",
"26",
"",
"Press Space-bar",
}, {
"0 0 0 2 4",
"Lesson 1.2 Counting by 2's",
"28",
"",
"Press Space-bar",
}, {
"0 0 0 -3 4",
"Lesson 1.2 Counting by 2's",
"30 Short cut again...",
"",
"Press Space-bar",
}, {
"0 1 0 -1 4",
"Lesson 1.2 Counting by 2's",
"30 ... not done yet",
"",
"Press Space-bar",
}, {
"0 0 1 1 4",
"Lesson 1.2 Counting by 2's",
"30 Done!",
"",
"Press Space-bar"
}}}, {{{
"0 0 0 0 4",
"Lesson 2.1: Counting down from 19 to 0 for Korean Abacus",
"The beads will move at each step with an",
"appropriate explanation in this window.",
"Press Space-bar to Begin, press q to Exit",
}, {
"0 0 1 1 4",
"Lesson 2.1: Counting Down",
"One bead in 10ths column",
"10 ",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 1 0 1 4",
"Lesson 2.1: Counting Down",
"Plus one bead in 5ths column",
"15",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 0 4 4",
"Lesson 2.1: Counting Down",
"Plus 4 beads in ones column",
"19 ok now we are ready to start",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 0 -1 4",
"Lesson 2.1: Counting Down",
"Move one bead down to get",
"18",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 0 -1 4",
"Lesson 2.1: Counting Down",
"17",
"",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 0 -1 4",
"Lesson 2.1: Counting Down",
"16",
"",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 0 -1 4",
"Lesson 2.1: Counting Down",
"15",
"",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 1 0 -1 4",
"Lesson 2.1: Counting Down",
"14 Subtract 5 from top deck by moving",
"it up (but we are not done yet...)",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 0 4 4",
"Lesson 2.1: Counting Down",
"add 4 to get...",
"14",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 0 -1 4",
"Lesson 2.1: Counting Down",
"13",
"",
"Press Space-bar",
}, {
"0 0 0 -1 4",
"Lesson 2.1: Counting Down",
"12",
"",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 0 -1 4",
"Lesson 2.1: Counting Down",
"11",
"",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 0 -1 4",
"Lesson 2.1: Counting Down",
"10",
"",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 1 -1 4",
"Lesson 2.1: Counting Down",
"9 Subtract the tens place out",
"but we are not done yet...",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 1 0 1 4",
"Lesson 2.1: Counting Down",
"9 Adding 5 + 4 back in so first",
"the 5... (pending operation)",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 0 4 4",
"Lesson 2.1: Counting Down",
"Adding the 4 in to get",
"9",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 0 -1 4",
"Lesson 2.1: Counting Down",
"8",
"",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 0 -1 4",
"Lesson 2.1: Counting Down",
"7",
"",
"Press Space-bar",
}, {
"0 0 0 -1 4",
"Lesson 2.1: Counting Down",
"6",
"",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 0 -1 4",
"Lesson 2.1: Counting Down",
"5",
"",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 1 0 -1 4",
"Lesson 2.1: Counting Down",
"4 but wait now...",
"(pending opertation)",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 0 4 4",
"Lesson 2.1: Counting Down",
"Add four to get",
"4",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 0 -1 4",
"Lesson 2.1: Counting Down",
"3",
"",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 0 -1 4",
"Lesson 2.1: Counting Down",
"2",
"",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 0 -1 4",
"Lesson 2.1: Counting Down",
"1",
"",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 0 -1 4",
"Lesson 2.1: Counting Down",
"0",
"Done.",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 0 0 4",
"Conclusion:",
"When subtracting 1 from 10",
"you take away 10 and add 9.",
"Press Space-bar",
}, {
"0 0 0 0 4",
"Conclusion: (End)",
"When subtracting 1 from 5",
"you take away 5 and add 4.",
"Press Space-bar"
}}}, {{{
"0 0 0 0 4",
"Lesson 3.1: Addition",
"This Lesson demonstrates 2 addition problems:",
"6+5 & 23+9",
"Press Space-bar to Begin, press q to Exit",
}, {
"0 1 0 1 4",
"Lesson 3.1: Addition (6+5)",
"We Represent 6 by Adding 5...",
"(pending operation)",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 0 1 4",
"Lesson 3.1: Addition (6+5)",
"...and 1.",
"(This is 6)",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 1 1 4",
"Lesson 3.1: Addition (6+5)",
"Adding th 5 so We Carry to the Previous Column...",
"(The ten's Column)",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 1 0 -1 4",
"Lesson 3.1: Addition (6+5)",
"...We Reset The Upper-deck and Obtain The Answer.",
"10 in the Previous Column + 1 in the Current= 11.",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 1 -1 4",
"Lesson 3.1: Addition",
"That was a Straight-forward Example...",
"",
"Press Space-bar",
}, {
"0 0 0 -1 4",
"Lesson 3.1: Addition",
"The following one is a bit more complicated.",
"So, pay attention...",
"Press Space-bar to Begin",
}, {
"0 0 1 2 4",
"Lesson 3.1: Addition (23+9)",
"20... (begin to represent 23)",
"",
"Press Space-bar",
}, {
"0 0 0 3 4",
"Lesson 3.1: Addition (23+9)",
"...+3, represents 23.",
"",
"Press Space-bar",
}, {
"0 0 1 1 4",
"Lesson 3.1: Addition (23+9)",
"Represent 9 as +10 -1.",
"So, 2 Beads on upper-deck= 10...",
"Press Space-bar",
}, {
"0 0 0 -1 4",
"Lesson 3.1: Addition (23+9)",
"... -1 (Current-column) completes +9",
"Resulting in the answer: 32",
"Press Space-bar",
}, {
"0 0 0 0 4",
"Conclusion: (continued)",
"To perform addition, move beads towards the",
"position-beam; to subtract, move beads away from it.",
"Press Space-bar",
}, {
"0 0 0 0 4",
"Conclusion: (End)",
"To gain proficiency in using the abacus, practice !",
"",
"Press Space-bar"
}}}, {{{
"0 0 0 0 4",
"Lesson 4.1: Subtraction",
"This Lesson demonstrates subtracting 7 from 11",
"",
"Press Space-bar to Begin, press q to Exit",
}, {
"0 0 1 1 4",
"Lesson 4.1: Subtraction (11-7)",
"First Represent 11 as 10...",
"(pending operation)",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 0 1 4",
"Lesson 4.1: Subtraction (11-7)",
"...and 1.",
"(This is 11)",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 0 0 4",
"Lesson 4.1: Subtraction (11-7)",
"We Represent -7 as -10+3, so...",
"",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 1 -1 4",
"Lesson 4.1: Subtraction (11-7)",
"-10 ...",
"(pending operation +3)",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 0 3 4",
"Lesson 4.1: Subtraction (11-7)",
"...+3 Completes The Operation",
"The Answer is +4.",
"Press Space-bar",
}, {
"0 0 0 0 4",
"Conclusion: (End)",
"To perform addition, move beads towards the",
"position-beam; to subtract, move beads away from it.",
"Press Space-bar"
}}}, {{{
"0 0 0 0 4",
"Lesson 5.1: Multiplication",
"This Lesson demonstrates multiplying 23 * 42",
"",
"Press Space-bar to Begin, press q to Exit",
}, {
"1 0 1 2 4",
"Lesson 5.1: Multiplcation (23*42)",
"First Represent 23 as 20...",
"(pending operation)",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"1 0 0 3 4",
"Lesson 5.1: Multiplication (23*42)",
"...and 3.",
"(This is 23)",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"2 0 1 4 4",
"Lesson 5.1: Multiplication (23*42)",
"We Represent 4 as 40, so...",
"(pending operation)",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"2 0 0 2 4",
"Lesson 5.1: Multiplication (23*42)",
"...and 2.",
"(This is 42)",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 2 1 4",
"Lesson 5.1: Multiplication (23*42)",
"3*4=12",
"Add 10 part of 12 as 100",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 1 2 4",
"Lesson 5.1: Multiplication (23*42)",
"Add 2 part of 12 as 20",
"(For 12)",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 1 0 1 4",
"Lesson 5.1: Multiplication (23*42)",
"3*2=6 so add a 5+1",
"5....",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 0 1 4",
"Lesson 5.1: Multiplication (23*42)",
"... 1 part",
"(For 6)",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 1 2 1 4",
"Lesson 5.1: Multiplication (23*42)",
"2*4=8",
"Add 800 as 500+300, so add 500 (for 626)",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 2 3 4",
"Lesson 5.1: Multiplication (23*42)",
"and add 300",
"(For 926)",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 1 1 1 4",
"Lesson 5.1: Multiplication (23*42)",
"2*2=4",
"So... add 40 (as 50 - 10), so first 50 part",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 1 -1 4",
"Lesson 5.1: Multiplication (23*42)",
"Add -10 part for ...",
"Result 966",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 0 0 4",
"Conclusion: (End)",
"Using the auxiliary abaci to keep the multiplicands",
"and using the primary to add up from the results.",
"Press Space-bar"
}}},
}, {
/* russianLesson *//* Danish also */
{{{
"0 0 0 0 4",
"Lesson1.1: Counting from 1 to 20 for Russian Abacus",
"The beads will move at each step with an",
"appropriate explanation in this window.",
"Press Space-bar to Begin, press q to Exit",
}, {
"0 0 0 1 4",
"Lesson1.1: Counting",
"1",
"",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 0 1 4",
"Lesson1.1: Counting",
"2",
"",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 0 1 4",
"Lesson1.1: Counting",
"3",
"",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 0 1 4",
"Lesson1.1: Counting",
"4",
"",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 0 1 4",
"Lesson1.1: Counting",
"5",
"",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 0 1 4",
"Lesson1.1: Counting",
"6",
"",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 0 1 4",
"Lesson1.1: Counting",
"7",
"",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 0 1 4",
"Lesson1.1: Counting",
"8",
"",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 0 1 4",
"Lesson1.1: Counting",
"9",
"",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 0 1 4",
"Lesson1.1: Counting",
"10",
"(pending operation)",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 1 1 4",
"Lesson1.1: Counting",
"10 (pending operation)",
"Carry-over...",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 0 -10 4",
"Lesson1.1: Counting",
"10",
"...Reset deck",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 0 0 4",
"Lesson1.1: Counting",
"Counting to 10 uses the addition",
"of the extra carry to the Previous Column",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 0 1 4",
"Lesson1.1: Counting",
"11",
"",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 0 1 4",
"Lesson1.1: Counting",
"12",
"",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 0 1 4",
"Lesson1.1: Counting",
"13",
"",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 0 1 4",
"Lesson1.1: Counting",
"14",
"",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 0 1 4",
"Lesson1.1: Counting",
"15",
"",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 0 1 4",
"Lesson1.1: Counting",
"16",
"",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 0 1 4",
"Lesson1.1: Counting",
"17",
"",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 0 1 4",
"Lesson1.1: Counting",
"18",
"",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 0 1 4",
"Lesson1.1: Counting",
"19",
"",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 0 1 4",
"Lesson1.1: Counting",
"20 (pending operation)",
"",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 1 1 4",
"Lesson1.1: Counting",
"20 (pending operation)",
"...Reset...",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 0 -10 4",
"Lesson1.1: Counting",
"20 (pending operation)",
"...Carry-over To The Previous Column.",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 1 -2 4",
"Lesson1.1: End",
"And now, some conclusions...",
"",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 0 0 4",
"Conclusion:",
"Each of the 10 beads on the deck has a value of 1.",
"",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 0 0 4",
"Conclusion: (continued)",
"Counting 10 beads on the deck requires a carry of",
"1 bead on the deck of the previous column.",
"Press Space-bar",
}, {
"0 0 0 0 4",
"Conclusion: (continued)",
"Every column to the left of one's column is an",
"order of magnitude greater.",
"Press Space-bar",
}, {
"0 0 0 0 4",
"Conclusion: (End)",
"Columns to the right of the one's column are used",
"for calculations involving decimals.",
"Press Space-bar"
}}, {{
"0 0 0 0 4",
"Lesson 1.2: Counting by 2's to 30 for Russian Abacus",
"The beads will move at each step with an",
"appropriate explanation in this window.",
"Press Space-bar",
}, {
"0 0 0 2 4",
"Lesson 1.2 Counting by 2's",
"2",
"",
"Press Space-bar",
}, {
"0 0 0 2 4",
"Lesson 1.2 Counting by 2's",
"4",
"",
"Press Space-bar",
}, {
"0 0 0 2 4",
"Lesson 1.2 Counting by 2's",
"6",
"",
"Press Space-bar",
}, {
"0 0 0 2 4",
"Lesson 1.2 Counting by 2's",
"8",
"",
"Press Space-bar",
}, {
"0 0 0 2 4",
"Lesson 1.2 Counting by 2's",
"10",
"Correct but not done yet...",
"Press Space-bar",
}, {
"0 0 0 -10 4",
"Lesson 1.2 Counting by 2's",
"10 ... Hold on...",
"",
"Press Space-bar",
}, {
"0 0 1 1 4",
"Lesson 1.2 Counting by 2's",
"10",
"OK now we can move on",
"Press Space-bar",
}, {
"0 0 0 2 4",
"Lesson 1.2 Counting by 2's",
"12",
"",
"Press Space-bar",
}, {
"0 0 0 2 4",
"Lesson 1.2 Counting by 2's",
"14",
"",
"Press Space-bar",
}, {
"0 0 0 2 4",
"Lesson 1.2 Counting by 2's",
"16",
"",
"Press Space-bar",
}, {
"0 0 0 2 4",
"Lesson 1.2 Counting by 2's",
"18",
"",
"Press Space-bar",
}, {
"0 0 0 -8 4",
"Lesson 1.2 Counting by 2's",
"20 Taking a short cut",
"Add 2 by taking away 8 and adding 10",
"Press Space-bar",
}, {
"0 0 1 1 4",
"Lesson 1.2 Counting by 2's",
"Now add 10 for",
"20",
"Press Space-bar",
}, {
"0 0 0 2 4",
"Lesson 1.2 Counting by 2's",
"22",
"",
"Press Space-bar",
}, {
"0 0 0 2 4",
"Lesson 1.2 Counting by 2's",
"24",
"",
"Press Space-bar",
}, {
"0 0 0 2 4",
"Lesson 1.2 Counting by 2's",
"26",
"",
"Press Space-bar",
}, {
"0 0 0 2 4",
"Lesson 1.2 Counting by 2's",
"28",
"",
"Press Space-bar",
}, {
"0 0 0 -8 4",
"Lesson 1.2 Counting by 2's",
"30 Short cut again...",
"",
"Press Space-bar",
}, {
"0 0 1 1 4",
"Lesson 1.2 Counting by 2's",
"30 Done!",
"",
"Press Space-bar"
}}}, {{{
"0 0 0 0 4",
"Lesson 2.1: Counting down from 19 to 0 for Russian Abacus",
"The beads will move at each step with an",
"appropriate explanation in this window.",
"Press Space-bar to Begin, press q to Exit",
}, {
"0 0 1 1 4",
"Lesson 2.1: Counting Down",
"One bead in 10ths column",
"10 ",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 0 9 4",
"Lesson 2.1: Counting Down",
"Plus 4 beads in ones column",
"19 ok now we are ready to start",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 0 -1 4",
"Lesson 2.1: Counting Down",
"Move one bead down to get",
"18",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 0 -1 4",
"Lesson 2.1: Counting Down",
"17",
"",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 0 -1 4",
"Lesson 2.1: Counting Down",
"16",
"",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 0 -1 4",
"Lesson 2.1: Counting Down",
"15",
"",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 0 -1 4",
"Lesson 2.1: Counting Down",
"14",
"",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 0 -1 4",
"Lesson 2.1: Counting Down",
"13",
"",
"Press Space-bar",
}, {
"0 0 0 -1 4",
"Lesson 2.1: Counting Down",
"12",
"",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 0 -1 4",
"Lesson 2.1: Counting Down",
"11",
"",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 0 -1 4",
"Lesson 2.1: Counting Down",
"10",
"",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 1 -1 4",
"Lesson 2.1: Counting Down",
"9 Subtract the tens place out",
"but we are not done yet...",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 0 9 4",
"Lesson 2.1: Counting Down",
"Adding the 9 in to get",
"9",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 0 -1 4",
"Lesson 2.1: Counting Down",
"8",
"",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 0 -1 4",
"Lesson 2.1: Counting Down",
"7",
"",
"Press Space-bar",
}, {
"0 0 0 -1 4",
"Lesson 2.1: Counting Down",
"6",
"",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 0 -1 4",
"Lesson 2.1: Counting Down",
"5",
"",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 0 -1 4",
"Lesson 2.1: Counting Down",
"4",
" ",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 0 -1 4",
"Lesson 2.1: Counting Down",
"3",
"",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 0 -1 4",
"Lesson 2.1: Counting Down",
"2",
"",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 0 -1 4",
"Lesson 2.1: Counting Down",
"1",
"",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 0 -1 4",
"Lesson 2.1: Counting Down",
"0",
"Done.",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 0 0 4",
"Conclusion:",
"When subtracting 1 from 10",
"you take away 10 and add 9.",
"Press Space-bar",
}}}, {{{
"0 0 0 0 4",
"Lesson 3.1: Addition",
"This Lesson demonstrates 2 addition problems:",
"6+5 & 23+9",
"Press Space-bar to Begin, press q to Exit",
}, {
"0 0 0 6 4",
"Lesson 3.1: Addition (6+5)",
"This is 6.",
"",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 1 1 4",
"Lesson 3.1: Addition (6+5)",
"Adding the 5 as 10 - 5, Carry to the Previous Column...",
"(The ten's Column)",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 0 -5 4",
"Lesson 3.1: Addition (6+5)",
"And -5... to obtain The Answer.",
"",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 1 -1 4",
"Lesson 3.1: Addition",
"That was a Straight-forward Example...",
"",
"Press Space-bar",
}, {
"0 0 0 -1 4",
"Lesson 3.1: Addition",
"The following one is a bit more complicated.",
"So, pay attention...",
"Press Space-bar to Begin",
}, {
"0 0 1 2 4",
"Lesson 3.1: Addition (23+9)",
"20... (begin to represent 23)",
"",
"Press Space-bar",
}, {
"0 0 0 3 4",
"Lesson 3.1: Addition (23+9)",
"...+3, represents 23.",
"",
"Press Space-bar",
}, {
"0 0 1 1 4",
"Lesson 3.1: Addition (23+9)",
"Represent 9 as +10 -1.",
"So, 1 Beads on previous column= 10...",
"Press Space-bar",
}, {
"0 0 0 -1 4",
"Lesson 3.1: Addition (23+9)",
"... -1 (Current-column) completes +9",
"Resulting in the answer: 32",
"Press Space-bar",
}, {
"0 0 0 0 4",
"Conclusion: (continued)",
"To perform addition, move beads towards the",
"position-beam; to subtract, move beads away from it.",
"Press Space-bar",
}, {
"0 0 0 0 4",
"Conclusion: (End)",
"To gain proficiency in using the abacus, practice !",
"",
"Press Space-bar"
}}}, {{{
"0 0 0 0 4",
"Lesson 4.1: Subtraction",
"This Lesson demonstrates subtracting 7 from 11",
"",
"Press Space-bar to Begin, press q to Exit",
}, {
"0 0 1 1 4",
"Lesson 4.1: Subtraction (11-7)",
"First Represent 11 as 10...",
"(pending operation)",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 0 1 4",
"Lesson 4.1: Subtraction (11-7)",
"...and 1.",
"(This is 11)",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 0 0 4",
"Lesson 4.1: Subtraction (11-7)",
"We Represent -7 as -10+3, so...",
"",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 1 -1 4",
"Lesson 4.1: Subtraction (11-7)",
"-10 ...",
"(pending operation +3)",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 0 3 4",
"Lesson 4.1: Subtraction (11-7)",
"...+3 Completes The Operation",
"The Answer is +4.",
"Press Space-bar",
}, {
"0 0 0 0 4",
"Conclusion: (End)",
"To perform addition, move beads towards the",
"position-beam; to subtract, move beads away from it.",
"Press Space-bar"
}}}, {{{
"0 0 0 0 4",
"Lesson 5.1: Multiplication",
"This Lesson demonstrates multiplying 23 * 42",
"",
"Press Space-bar to Begin, press q to Exit",
}, {
"1 0 1 2 4",
"Lesson 5.1: Multiplcation (23*42)",
"First Represent 23 as 20...",
"(pending operation)",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"1 0 0 3 4",
"Lesson 5.1: Multiplication (23*42)",
"...and 3.",
"(This is 23)",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"2 0 1 4 4",
"Lesson 5.1: Multiplication (23*42)",
"We Represent 4 as 40, so...",
"(pending operation)",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"2 0 0 2 4",
"Lesson 5.1: Multiplication (23*42)",
"...and 2.",
"(This is 42)",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 2 1 4",
"Lesson 5.1: Multiplication (23*42)",
"3*4=12",
"Add 10 part of 12 as 100",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 1 2 4",
"Lesson 5.1: Multiplication (23*42)",
"Add 2 part of 12 as 20",
"(For 12)",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 0 6 4",
"Lesson 5.1: Multiplication (23*42)",
"3*2=6 so add a 6",
"",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 2 8 4",
"Lesson 5.1: Multiplication (23*42)",
"2*4=8",
"Add 800 (for 926)",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 1 4 4",
"Lesson 5.1: Multiplication (23*42)",
"2*2=4 So... add 40 for ...",
"Result 966",
"Press Space-bar to Continue",
}, {
"0 0 0 0 4",
"Conclusion: (End)",
"Using the auxiliary abaci to keep the multiplicands",
"and using the primary to add up from the results.",
"Press Space-bar"
}}}}
}};